RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). METHODS: Clinical data from 270 SAA patients with allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed, including 108 sib congruence patients and 162 substitute donors (68 unrelated donor congruence patients and 94 related haploid patients). Different pretreatment schemes were selected for different transplantation modes. The HLA-identical sibling and haploid grafts were all bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells, and the grafts from unrelated donors were peripheral blood stem cells. After granulocyte implantation, blood CMV-DNA was regularly monitored. Flow cytometry was also used to determine the absolute number of CD3+, CD4+T lymphocytes and CD19+B lymphocytes at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation. RESULTS: CMV infection occurred in 229 of 270 patients with an incidence of 84.8%. Among them, 18 patients developed giant cell disease. Univariate analysis showed that alternative donors (unrelated total and haploid donors), mycophenolate mofetil and acute graft-versus-host disease were statistically significantly associated with CMV infection (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that alternative donors were associated with CMV infection. The recovery of CD3+ and CD4+ in 6 months in the substitute donors was delayed in comparison with that in the full sib group. CONCLUSION: After allo-HSCT, substitute donors are more easily to develop CMV infection than full-sibling donors, and the reconstruction of immune function is delayed after transplantation.
