Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Profiling Reveals R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors Related to Monoterpenoid Biosynthesis in Osmanthus fragrans.

Osmanthus fragrans is widely grown for the purpose of urban greening and the pleasant aroma emitted from its flowers. The floral scent is determined by several monoterpenoid volatiles, such as linalool and its oxides, which are a few of the most common volatiles and the main components of the essential oils in most sweet osmanthus cultivars. In addition, the relative contents of cis- and trans-linalool oxide (furan) may affect the aromas and quality of the essential oils. MYB proteins represent the largest family of transcription factors in plants and participate in regulating secondary metabolites. Several cis-elements, especially AC-rich regions, are known to be bound by 2R-MYBs and could be found in the promoter of the enzyme genes in the terpenoid metabolic pathway. However, there has to date been no investigation into the 2R-MYB family genes involved in regulating terpenoid biosynthesis in O. fragrans. Here, 243 non-redundant 2R-MYB proteins were grouped into 33 clusters based on the phylogeny and exon-intron distribution. These genes were unevenly distributed on 23 chromosomes. Ka/Ks analysis showed that the major mode of 2R-MYB gene evolution was purifying selection. Expression analysis indicated that 2R-MYB genes in O. fragrans exhibited varied expression patterns. A total of 35 OfMYBs representing the highest per kilobase per million mapped reads in the flower were selected for quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The correlation analysis between the expression level and the contents of fragrant compounds at different flowering stages suggested that OfMYB19/20 exhibited remarkably positive correlation with the accumulation of cis-linalool oxides. OfMYB51/65/88/121/137/144 showed significantly negative correlations with one or more linalool oxides. Characterization of these proteins revealed that OfMYB19 and OfMYB137 were localized in the nuclei, but did not show transcriptional activation in the yeast system, which suggested that they may be bound to other transcription factors to exert regulatory functions. These findings provide useful information for further functional investigation of the 2R-MYBs and offer a foundation for clarifying the 2R-MYB transcription factors involved in the molecular mechanism of the regulation of monoterpenoid biosynthesis in Osmanthus fragrans.

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Candidate Genes Related to Aroma Formation in Osmanthus fragrans.

Osmanthus fragrans, or "RiXiangGui", is an ornamental, woody, evergreen plant that is cultivated widely because it blooms recurrently and emits a strong fragrance. Recently, the germplasm resources, classification, and aroma compositions of O. fragrans have been investigated. However, the molecular mechanisms of the floral scent formation and regulation have remained largely unknown. To obtain a global perspective on the molecular mechanism of the aroma formation during blooming, nine RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) libraries were constructed from three flowering stages: The initial, full, and final flowering stage. In short, a total of 523,961,310 high-quality clean reads were assembled into 136,611unigenes, with an average sequence length of 792 bp. About 47.43% of the unigenes (64,795) could be annotated in the NCBI non-redundant protein database. A number of candidate genes were identified in the terpenoid metabolic pathways and 1327 transcription factors (TFs), which showed differential expression patterns among the floral scent formation stages, were also identified, especially OfMYB1, OfMYB6, OfWRKY1, and OfWRKY3, which could play critical roles in the floral scent formation. These results indicated that the floral scent formation of O. fragrans was a very complex process which involved a large number of TFs. This study provides reliable resources for further studies of the O.fragrans floral scent formation.

Bis[bis-(1-oxo-2-pyrid-yl)-aminato]-copper(II) tetra-hydrate.

In the title compound, [Cu(C(10)H(8)N(3)O(2))(2)]·4H(2)O, the Cu(II) ion has a distorted octa-hedral coordination formed by four O [Cu-O = 2.051 (3)-2.083 (4) Å] and two N [Cu-N = 1.985 (4) and 1.996 (4) Å] atoms from two tridentate bis-(1-oxo-2-pyrid-yl)aminate ligands. In the two ligands, the pyridyl rings form dihedral angles of 21.0 (1) and 15.5 (1)°. The crystal packing exhibits an extensive network of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π inter-actions proved by short distances of 3.650 (1) and 3.732 (2) Šbetween the centroids of pyridyl rings of neighbouring mol-ecules.

Bis(µ-N,N'-di-4-pyridylpyridine-2,6-diamine)bis[dimethacrylatocobalt(II)] dihydrate.

The Co(II) ion in the title complex, [Co(2)(C(4)H(5)O(2))(4)(C(15)H(13)N(5))(2)]·2H(2)O, has a distorted square-planar coordination formed by the bridging bidentate N,N'-di-4-pyridylpyrid-ine-2,6-diamine (dapmp) ligands and two monodentate carboxyl-ate groups from methacrylates. Two dapmp ligands bridge two Co atoms, forming a dinuclear complex arranged around an inversion centre. N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the solvent water mol-ecule result in the formation of a three-dimensional network. The aliphatic moiety of one of the methacrylate groups is disordered over two positions with fixed occupancies of 0.67 and 0.33.

A tetrahedrally coordinated Ag(I) and Ni(II) complex with a two-dimensional framework containing one-dimensional helical chains.

The title complex, poly[bis(mu(6)-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato N-oxide)nickel(II)disilver(I)], [Ag(2)Ni(C(7)H(3)NO(5))(2)](n) or [Ag(2)Ni(pydco)(2)](n) (H(2)pydco = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid N-oxide), has a two-dimensional sheet structure. The two carboxylate groups adopt two coordination modes. The Ni(II) ion displays a distorted octahedral geometry, bonded to two carboxylate O atoms of two different pydco ligands and four O donors from another two ligands, i.e. two carboxylate O atoms and two N-oxide O atoms. The Ag(I) ion adopts a tetrahedral coordination, linked by three O atoms of three different carboxylate groups and an N-oxide O atom.