Association between dietary knowledge and muscle mass in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the possible association between dietary knowledge and muscle mass in a Chinese population aged 60 years and above. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. SETTING: Data from the 2006 and 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were used for this study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1487 Chinese participants (44.38% males) aged 60 and above in the 2006 survey were included in the cross-sectional study. From the same study population, a total of 1023 participants (46.82% males) with normal muscle mass on the interview date of 2006 were included in the longitudinal study. OUTCOME MEASURES: Dietary knowledge was accessed by a validated CHNS questionnaire. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was calculated using a validated anthropometric equation derived from a representative Chinese population. Based on the 2021 Chinese consensus on sarcopenia, the appendicular skeletal muscle mass was categorised as 'normal' or 'low' using sex-specific cut-off values. RESULTS: The prevalence of low muscle mass in the study population was 31.20%, with a higher prevalence in females (34.22%). People with low muscle mass have a significantly lower dietary knowledge score (mean difference: -1.74, 95% CI -2.20 to -1.29). In the cross-sectional analysis, one score higher in dietary knowledge score was associated with a 4% lower odds of low muscle mass (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99). Compared with people in the lowest quartile of dietary knowledge, people in the highest quartile have a 44% lower odds of low muscle mass (OR=0.56, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.91). In the longitudinal analysis, no significant association was found between dietary knowledge and low muscle mass, yet the upper 95% CI was close to one (HR=0.97, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.01). CONCLUSIONS: Sufficient dietary knowledge may play a protective role in maintaining normal muscle mass in Chinese adults aged 60 or above.

Construction of a Nomogram Based on lncRNA and Patient's Clinical Characteristics to Improve the Prognosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Although the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging has been widely used to predict the survival of cancer patients, there are still some limitations. The high accuracy of lncRNA-based signature prediction has attracted widespread attention. The data were obtained from the RNA sequencing data of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Using univariate Cox proportional hazard regression (CPHR) analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method, and multivariate CPHR, 5 lncRNAs (LINC00460, LINC00857, LINC01116, RP11-253E3.3, and RP11-359E19.2) related to patient survival were successfully screened. Combined with age, gender, AJCC staging, and 5 lncRNAs, a nomogram with a better prognosis prediction ability than traditional parameters was constructed. Prognostic accuracy was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC value. In addition, through co-expression analysis, we found that 5 lncRNA target genes have 34 DEMs. Gene ontology function analysis showed that these DEMs were mainly enriched in enzyme inhibitor activity and other aspects. Finally, these DEMs were found to be involved in the formation of the tumor immune microenvironment. In short, the nomogram based on 5 lncRNAs can effectively predict the overall survival rate of NSCLC and may guide the formulation of treatment plans for NSCLC.

Motion-compensated reconstruction of magnetic resonance images from undersampled data.

Magnetic resonance imaging of patients who find difficulty lying still or holding their breath can be challenging. Unresolved intra-frame motion yields blurring artifacts and limits spatial resolution. To correct for intra-frame non-rigid motion, such as in pediatric body imaging, this paper describes a multi-scale technique for joint estimation of the motion occurring during the acquisition and of the desired uncorrupted image. This technique regularizes the motion coefficients to enforce invertibility and minimize numerical instability. This multi-scale approach takes advantage of variable-density sampling patterns used in accelerated imaging to resolve large motion from a coarse scale. The resulting method improves image quality for a set of two-dimensional reconstructions from data simulated with independently generated deformations, with statistically significant increases in both peak signal to error ratio and structural similarity index. These improvements are consistent across varying undersampling factors and severities of motion and take advantage of the variable density sampling pattern.

Autophagy inhibition enhances colorectal cancer apoptosis induced by dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor NVP-BEZ235.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway performs a central role in tumorigenesis and is constitutively activated in many malignancies. As a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor currently undergoing evaluation in a phase I/II clinical trial, NVP-BEZ235 indicates a significant antitumor efficacy in diverse solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Autophagy is a catabolic process that maintains cellular homeostasis and reduces diverse stresses through lysosomal recycling of the unnecessary and damaged cell components. This process is also observed to antagonize the antitumor efficacy of PI3K/mTOR inhibitor agents such as NVP-BEZ235, via apoptosis inhibition. In the present study, we investigated anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing ability of NVP-BEZ235 in SW480 cells and the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in SW480 cells treated with NVP-BEZ235 in combination with an autophagy inhibitor. The results revealed that, NVP-BEZ235 effectively inhibit the growth of SW480 cells by targeting the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway and induced apoptosis. The inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine or chloroquine inhibitors in combination with NVP-BEZ235 in SW480 cells enhanced the apoptotic rate as componets to NVP-BEZ235 alone. In conclusion, the findings provide a rationale for chemotherapy targeting the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway presenting a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in combination with an autophagy inhibitor in CRC treatment and treatment of other tumors.