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1.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther ; 340(2): 433-44, 2012 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22085649

RESUMO

The prototypic cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, rimonabant, is comprised of a pyrazole core surrounded by a carboxyamide with terminal piperidine group (3-substituent), a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group (1-substituent), a 4-chlorophenyl group (5-substituent), and a methyl group (4-substituent). Previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis has suggested that the 3-position may be involved in receptor recognition and agonist activity. The goal of the present study was to develop CB1-selective compounds and explore further the SAR of 3-substitution on the rimonabant template. 3-Substituted analogs with benzyl and alkyl amino, dihydrooxazole, and oxazole moieties were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Several notable patterns emerged. First, most of the analogs exhibited CB1 selectivity, with many lacking affinity for the CB2 receptor. Affinity tended to be better when [³H]5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR141716), rather than [³H](-)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4(1,1-dimethyl-heptyl)phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)cyclohexanol (CP55,940), was used as the binding radioligand. Second, many of the analogs produced an agonist-like profile of effects in mice (i.e., suppression of activity, antinociception, hypothermia, and immobility); however, their potencies were not well correlated with their CB1 binding affinities. Further assessment of selected analogs showed that none were effective antagonists of the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice, their agonist-like effects were not blocked by rimonabant, they were active in vivo in CB1⁻/⁻ mice, and they failed to stimulate guanosine-5'-O-(3-[³5S]thio)-triphosphate binding. Several analogs were inverse agonists in the latter assay. Together, these results suggest that this series of 3-substituted pyrazole analogs represent a novel class of CB1-selective cannabinoids that produce agonist-like effects in mice through a non-CB1, non-CB2 mechanism.


Assuntos
Piperidinas/farmacologia , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/agonistas , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/agonistas , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Ligação Competitiva , Temperatura Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Células CHO , Canfanos/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Cricetinae , Cicloexanóis/metabolismo , Dronabinol/metabolismo , Dronabinol/farmacologia , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Feminino , Reação de Congelamento Cataléptica/efeitos dos fármacos , Guanosina 5'-O-(3-Tiotrifosfato)/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Camundongos Knockout , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Limiar da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperidinas/metabolismo , Pirazóis/metabolismo , Ensaio Radioligante , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/genética , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/genética , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Rimonabanto , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Transfecção
2.
Bioinformatics ; 23(18): 2477-84, 2007 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17823133

RESUMO

MOTIVATION: Genome-wide high density SNP association studies are expected to identify various SNP alleles associated with different complex disorders. Understanding the biological significance of these SNP alleles in the context of existing literature is a major challenge since existing search engines are not designed to search literature for SNPs or other genetic markers. The literature mining of gene and protein functions has received significant attention and effort while similar work on genetic markers and their related diseases is still in its infancy. Our goal is to develop a web-based tool that facilitates the mining of Medline literature related to genetic studies and gene/protein function studies. Our solution consists of four main function modules for (1) identification of different types of genetic markers or genetic variations in Medline records (2) distinguishing positive versus negative linkage or association between genetic markers and diseases (3) integrating marker genomic location data from different databases to enable the retrieval of Medline records related to markers in the same linkage disequilibrium region (4) and a web interface called MarkerInfoFinder to search, display, sort and download Medline citation results. Tests using published data suggest MarkerInfoFinder can significantly increase the efficiency of finding genetic disorders and their underlying molecular mechanisms. The functions we developed will also be used to build a knowledge base for genetic markers and diseases. AVAILABILITY: The MarkerInfoFinder is publicly available at: http://brainarray.mbni.med.umich.edu/brainarray/datamining/MarkerInfoFinder.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Base de Dados , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação/métodos , MEDLINE , Processamento de Linguagem Natural , Interface Usuário-Computador , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Software , Vocabulário Controlado
3.
Bioinformatics ; 23(16): 2185-7, 2007 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17586830

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: The Web-Based GeneChip Analysis System (WGAS) is developed to overcome limitations in analysis setup efficiency, data and procedure sharing, as well as security issues in existing commercial and public domain solutions. It also incorporates unique functions and resources for more accurate and flexible GeneChip analysis. AVAILABILITY: WGAS is freely available at: http://arrayanalysis.mbni.med.umich.edu/arrayanalysis.html.


Assuntos
Segurança Computacional , Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Base de Dados , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação/métodos , Internet , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Interface Usuário-Computador , Comportamento Cooperativo , Disseminação de Informação/métodos
4.
Bioinformatics ; 22(14): e523-9, 2006 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16873516

RESUMO

MOTIVATION: Finding the potential functional significance of SNPs is a major bottleneck in understanding genome-wide SNP scanning results, as the related functional data are distributed across many different databases. The SNP Function Portal is designed to be a clearing house for all public domain SNP functional annotation data, as well as in-house functional annotations derived from different data sources. It currently contains SNP functional annotations in six major categories including genomic elements, transcription regulation, protein function, pathway, disease and population genetics. Besides extensive SNP functional annotations, the SNP Function Portal includes a powerful search engine that accepts different types of genetic markers as input and identifies all genetically related SNPs based on the HapMap Phase II data as well as the relationship of different markers to known genes. As a result, our system allows users to identify the potential biological impact of genetic markers and complex relationships among genetic markers and genes, and it greatly facilitates knowledge discovery in genome-wide SNP scanning experiments. AVAILABILITY: http://brainarray.mbni.med.umich.edu/Brainarray/Database/SearchSNP/snpfunc.aspx.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Análise Mutacional de DNA/métodos , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Genoma Humano/genética , Internet , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Alelos , Sequência de Bases , Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Base de Dados , Humanos , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação/métodos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Interface Usuário-Computador
5.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 33(20): e175, 2005 Nov 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16284200

RESUMO

Genome-wide expression profiling is a powerful tool for implicating novel gene ensembles in cellular mechanisms of health and disease. The most popular platform for genome-wide expression profiling is the Affymetrix GeneChip. However, its selection of probes relied on earlier genome and transcriptome annotation which is significantly different from current knowledge. The resultant informatics problems have a profound impact on analysis and interpretation the data. Here, we address these critical issues and offer a solution. We identified several classes of problems at the individual probe level in the existing annotation, under the assumption that current genome and transcriptome databases are more accurate than those used for GeneChip design. We then reorganized probes on more than a dozen popular GeneChips into gene-, transcript- and exon-specific probe sets in light of up-to-date genome, cDNA/EST clustering and single nucleotide polymorphism information. Comparing analysis results between the original and the redefined probe sets reveals approximately 30-50% discrepancy in the genes previously identified as differentially expressed, regardless of analysis method. Our results demonstrate that the original Affymetrix probe set definitions are inaccurate, and many conclusions derived from past GeneChip analyses may be significantly flawed. It will be beneficial to re-analyze existing GeneChip data with updated probe set definitions.


Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Sondas de Oligonucleotídeos , Alelos , Animais , Análise por Conglomerados , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Éxons , Humanos , Camundongos , Ratos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Transcrição Gênica
6.
J Med Chem ; 46(8): 1538-45, 2003 Apr 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12672255

RESUMO

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) binds stereoselectively and enantioselectively to the dopamine transporter (DAT) and inhibits dopamine reuptake with in vitro and in vivo potency similar to that of cocaine. Unlike cocaine, it manifests little, if any, tolerance or addiction liability. Since this compound has a substantial clinical history, it provides an excellent template from which to design potential medications for cocaine abuse. It has long been assumed that a nitrogen, such as exists in cocaine and methylphenidate, is essential for interaction with monoamine transporters. We previously demonstrated that an amine nitrogen in phenyltropane analogues of cocaine is not necessary for conferring high DAT binding affinity. We now report the synthesis of oxacyclic and carbacyclic analogues of methylphenidate, including the four enantiomerically pure isomers of 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)acetic acid methyl ester. The threo isomers are potent and selective inhibitors of the DAT. This is the first generalization of the principle that the presence of nitrogen is not a necessity for DAT inhibition.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores da Captação de Dopamina/síntese química , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/antagonistas & inibidores , Moduladores de Transporte de Membrana , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/antagonistas & inibidores , Metilfenidato/análogos & derivados , Metilfenidato/síntese química , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso , Fenilacetatos/síntese química , Piranos/síntese química , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/síntese química , Animais , Ligação Competitiva , Núcleo Caudado/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Dopamina , Inibidores da Captação de Dopamina/química , Inibidores da Captação de Dopamina/farmacologia , Feminino , Técnicas In Vitro , Macaca fascicularis , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Metilfenidato/química , Metilfenidato/farmacologia , Fenilacetatos/química , Fenilacetatos/farmacologia , Putamen/metabolismo , Piranos/química , Piranos/farmacologia , Ensaio Radioligante , Serotonina/metabolismo , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Serotonina , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/química , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologia , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
7.
Bioinformatics ; 18(3): 488-9, 2002 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11934751

RESUMO

SUMMARY: ProbeMatchDB is a web-based database designed to facilitate the search of EST/cDNA sequences or STS markers that can be used to represent the same gene across different microarray platforms and species. It can be used for finding equivalent EST clones in the Research Genetics sequence verified clone set based on results from Affymetirx GeneChips. It will also help to identify probes representing orthologous genes across human, mouse and rat on different microarray platforms. AVAILABILITY: The database is accessible at http://brainarray.mhri.med.umich.edu/MARRAY/BC_ASP/brainarray.htm by clicking the 'Query ProbeMatchDB' link.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Base de Dados , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Internet , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Software , Animais , Sondas de DNA/genética , Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/instrumentação , Ratos , Especificidade da Espécie
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