Realizing the Excellent HER Performance of Pt3Pb2S2 by d-Orbital Electronic Modulation.

Exploring new excellent electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of significance for the development of hydrogen energy. Herein, a ternary chalcogenide (Pt3Pb2S2) is successfully designed and synthesized using layered PtS2 as a matrix. The energy level of the Pt 5d orbital is upshifted to the Fermi surface after replacing S atoms by Pb atoms, which results in the high conductivity of Pt3Pb2S2. In addition, the low-coordinated Pt atoms inserted in the voids of [Pt2Pb2S2] layers have a lower free energy of H* adsorption than do metallic Pt atoms, which endows Pt3Pb2S2 with excellent HER performance. The overpotential and Tafel slope of Pt3Pb2S2 toward HER activity are measured to be 43 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and 43 mV dec-1, respectively. More importantly, Pt3Pb2S2 shows high intrinsic HER catalytic activity and long-term stability. This work provides a promising strategy for designing novel excellent transition-metal chalcogenide electrocatalysts.

A new compound Pt3Bi2S2 with superior performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction.

The exploration of efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is beneficial to obtain renewable clean energy. Herein, a new parkerite-type compound Pt3Bi2S2 was synthesized, constructed by [PtBi4S2] octahedra. The Bi 6p orbital electrons upshift the Pt 5d band to promote hydrogen adsorption. Moreover, the Bi-Pt orbital hybridization greatly improves the conductivity and accelerates the charge transfer during the electrocatalytic process. Hence, Pt3Bi2S2 exhibits a superior catalytic activity for the HER with a low overpotential of 61 mV (at j = 10 mA cm-2) and a Tafel slope of 51 mV dec-1. In addition, Pt3Bi2S2 has higher stability than commercial Pt/C. This work proposes a promising strategy for designing new excellent HER catalysts.

[Prevalence and the relevant factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in Guizhou Province in 2010-2012].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and relevant factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus among urban and rural residents over 18 years old in Guizhou Province in 2010-2012. METHODS: A total of 3073 residents over 18 years old were sampled by multi-stage and stratified random cluster sampling in Guizhou Province from"2010-2012 Chinese nutrition and health surveillance", including 1576 people in urban areas and 1497 people in rural areas, 1362 males and 1711 females. The participants were investigated for their basic conditions, lifestyle and behavior, and physical indicators, blood pressure, blood glucose, TC, and TG were also measured, and then the prevalence was calculated. Multivariate analysis was performed using an unconditional logistic regression model. RESULTS: Among the 3073 residents aged 18 years and over in Guizhou Province, 151 were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a prevalence of4. 9%, among which 80 were urban residents and 71 were rural residents, with a prevalence of 5. 1% and 4. 7%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between urban and rural areas( χ~2= 0. 183, P = 0. 669). Age was associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the prevalence increased with age( χ_()~2= 55. 478, P =0. 001). The result of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that family history, abdominal obesity, hypertension, abnormal TC and abnormal TG all had statistically significant influences on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus( OR values were2. 377, 1. 721, 1. 666, 1. 619 and 1. 982, respectively, all P <0. 05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in residents aged 18 and over in Guizhou Province was lower than the national average level. The prevention of type 2 diabetes in Guizhou residents should be targeted at middle-aged and elderly people, people with family history, people with abdominal obesity, people with hypertension and dyslipidemia.

Crystal structure and electrical resistance property of Rb0.21(H2O) y WS2.

Rb0.21(H2O) y WS2, rubidium hydrate di-thio-tungstate, is a new quasi two-dimensional sulfide. Its crystal structure consists of ordered WS2 layers, separated by disordered Rb+ ions and water mol-ecules. All atomic sites are located on mirror planes. The WS2 layers are composed of edge-sharing [WS6] octa-hedra and extend parallel to (001). The presence of structural water was revealed by thermogravimetry, but the position and exact amount could not be determined in the present study. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistance indicates that Rb0.21(H2O) y WS2 is semiconducting between 80-300 K.

Effects of Iron Doping on the Physical Properties of Quaternary Ferromagnetic Sulfide: Ba2Fe0.6V1.4S6.

The mixed-metal sulfide compound with the formula Ba2Fe0.6V1.4S6 was successfully synthesized via solid-state reaction. Ba2Fe0.6V1.4S6 has a quasi-one-dimensional structure and crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63/mmc. The structure is composed of face-sharing anion octahedron [MS6]8- (M = V or Fe) units to construct infinite chains along the c axis, in which the Fe atoms randomly occupy the V sites. The Ba2+ ions reside between adjacent chains. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a transition between paramagnetism and ferromagnetism around 25 K. The small polaron hopping (SPH) conduction behavior has been observed in the higher temperature region (75-300 K), while in the lower temperature region (25-74 K), the resistivity features a variable range hopping mechanism (VRH). The analysis of density of states indicates that Fe-3dz2 and S-3p states mainly dominate the valence band maximum, while Fe-3dz2 states contribute significantly to the magnetic susceptibility.

[Efficiency of NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce on anemia prevention].

OBJECTIVE: Study the efficiency of the NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce on anemia prevention among the children from iron deficiency anemia (IDA) prevalence region. METHODS: A double blind controlled random intervention in Bijie, Guizhou was conducted for 18 months. The finger hemoglobin (Hb) was detected at baseline and after 6, 12, 18 months intervention. Anthropometrics were also taken at baseline and after 12 months intervention. RESULTS: The Hb level increased significantly in the intervention group [(111.08 +/- 11.31) g/L at baseline and (122.99 +/- 8.43) g/L after 12 months], the anemia prevalence decreased markedly (58.0% at baseline, 17.6% after 12 months). After 12 months intervention, a significantly gain of the weight for age Z-score (WAZ) was observed in the intervention group. The abdomen and triceps skin folders were thicker in the intervention group, and the intervention group had greater gains of the abdomen and triceps skin folders than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: The soy sauce fortified with NaFeEDTA can increase the Hb level and decrease the prevalence of anemia in the children, and the NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce can enhance the weight gain and the pull up of the subcutaneous fat. It is suggested that using NaFeEDTA fortified soy sauce in high IDA prevalence population was an efficient way for IDA preventing.

[Impact of supplementation of vitamins and minerals on nutritional status of women in suburb].

In order to investigate the effect of vitamins-minerals supplementation on the nutritional status of Chinese women, 252 villagers aged 20-50 years old were selected as the participants in the study in Longli County, Guizhou Province. Within Twenty two weeks, half of the participants received the supplements and half had placebo. The results showed that in comparison with the control, the women with supplementation represented a higher urine excretion of vitamin B1 and B2 after a loading dosage and, a higher concentration of serum iron and zinc and a lower prevalence of anemia. They kept their facial moisture and grease better than those of the controls. They also felt better in sleeping, having appetite, and doing physical activities. The results indicated that the supplementation of vitamins-minerals might improve the nutritional status of rural Chinese women.