RESUMO
Currently, new clean energy storage technology must be effective, affordable, and ecologically friendly so as to meet the diverse and sustainable needs of the energy supply. In this work, NiCo-LDH containing intercalated EG was successfully prepared within 210 s using an ultrafast microwave radiation technique. Subsequently, a series of characterization and systematic electrochemical tests were conducted to analyze the composition, structure, and energy storage mechanism of the NiCo-LDH material. The Ni:Co ratio of 5:5 results in the highest capacitance value of 2156 F/g at 1 A/g and an outstanding rate performance of 86.8% capacity retention rate at 10 A/g. The results demonstrated that the unique porous structure of NiCo-LDH and large layer spacing were conducive to more electrochemical reactions. Additionally, an electrochemical test was carried out on the NiCo-LDH as a hybrid supercapacitor electrode material, with NiCo-LDH-5:5 serving as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, the asymmetric supercapacitor can achieve a maximum energy density of 82.5 Wh kg-1 and power density of 8000 W kg-1. The NiCo-LDH-5:5//AC hybrid supercapacitors own 81.5% cycle stability and 100% coulombic efficiency after 6000 cycles at 10 A/g.
RESUMO
In this work, a series of urchin-like Ce(HCOO)3 nanoclusters were synthesized via a facile and scalable microwave-assisted method by varying the irradiation time, and the structure-property relationship was investigated. The optimization of the reaction time was performed based on structural characterizations and electrochemical performances, and the Ce(HCOO)3-210 s sample shows a specific capacitance as high as 132 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. This is due to the optimal mesoporous hierarchical structure and crystallinity that are beneficial to its conductivity, offering abundant Ce3+/Ce4+ active sites and facilitating the transportation of electrolyte ions. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor based on Ce(HCOO)3//AC was fabricated, which delivers a maximum energy density of 14.78 Wh kg-1 and a considerably high power density of 15,168 W kg-1. After 10,000 continuous charge-discharge cycles at 3 A g-1, the ASC device retains 81.3% of its initial specific capacitance. The excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance of this urchin-like Ce(HCOO)3 offers significant promise for practical supercapacitor applications.
RESUMO
An electrode material with high performance, long durability, and low cost for supercapacitors has long been desired in academia and industry. Among all the factors that affect the electrochemical performance and cycling stability of electrode materials, the morphology and intrinsic structure characteristics are the most important. In this study, a novel 3D flower-like Ce(COOH)3 electrode material was designed by taking advantage of the Ce3+ and -COOH groups and fabricated by a one-pot microwave-assisted method. The morphology and structure characteristics of the sample were examined by SEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, N2 adsorption/desorption techniques, and the electrochemical behaviors were investigated in a three-electrode configuration. The Ce(COOH)3 electrode presents an excellent specific capacitance of 140 F g-1 at 1 A g-1, higher than many other previously reported Ce-based electrodes. In addition, it delivers high rate capability that retains 60% of its initial capacitance when the current density is magnified 20 times. Dramatically, the Ce(COOH)3 electrode exhibits an ultra-high cycling stability with capacitance retention of 107.9% after 60,000 cycles, which is the highest durability among reported Ce-organic compound electrodes to the best of our knowledge. The excellent electrochemical performance is ascribed to its intrinsic crystal structure and unique morphology. This work indicates that the 3D flower-like Ce(COOH)3 has significant potential for supercapacitor applications and the facile and scalable synthesis strategy can be extended to produce other metal-organic composite electrodes.
RESUMO
Metal-organic frameworks-through the use of creative synthetic designs-could produce MOF materials with excellent porosity, stability, particle microstructures, and conductivity, and their inherent characteristics-including their porosity and controllable structure-may result in an immense number of prospects for energy storage. In this paper, a nanosphere-like NiCo-MOF was effectively manufactured via an ultra-fast microwave technique. Additionally, the ideal synthesis conditions of the NiCo-MOF were investigated by adjusting the microwave output power and microwave reaction time. Under the reaction conditions of a 600 W microwave and a 210 s microwave reaction time, the NiCo-MOF exhibited an excellent capacitance of 1348 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and an 86.1% capacity retention rate at 10 A/g. In addition, self-assembled NiCo-MOF/AC asymmetric capacitors showed a splendid energy density of 46.6 Wh/kg and a power density of 8000 W/kg.
RESUMO
Herein, K-OMS-2 catalysts with different levels of Ca2+ loading were synthesized to investigate the influence of Ca2+ deposition on the catalytic oxidation of CB. The micromorphology, redox ability, oxygen species, and surface acidity of the prepared catalysts were analyzed via SEM, HR-TEM, H2-TPR, O2-TPD, Py-IR, and GC-MS. After the Ca addition, CB conversion on the catalyst was achieved at <220 °C and the polychlorinated by-product yield decreased significantly. Although CaCO3 formation on the catalyst surface from Ca2+ caused a decline in number and fluidity of the surface lattice oxygen species, no significant impact on surface adsorbed oxygen species content was observed. Furthermore, CaCO3 reacted with dissociated chlorine species (HCl and polychlorinated products generated in situ), which inhibited chlorine poisoning of the active phase.
RESUMO
Industrial combustion of chloroaromatics is likely to generate unintentional biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). This process involves a surface-mediated reaction and can be accelerated in the presence of a catalyst. In the past decade, the effect of surface nature of applied catalysts on the conversion of chloroaromatics to PCBs/PCDD/PCDF has been well explored. However, studies on how the flue gas interferent components affect such a conversion process remain insufficient. In this article, a critical flue gas interferent component, alkali potassium, was investigated to reveal its effect on the chloroaromatics oxidation at a typical solid acid-base catalyst, Mn xCe1- xO2/HZSM-5. The loading of alkali potassium was found to improve the Lewis acidity of the catalyst (by increasing the amounts of surface Mn4+ after calcination), which thus promoted the CO2 selectivity for catalytic chlorobenzene (CB) oxidation. The KOH with a high hydrophilicity has favored the adsorption/activation of H2O molecules that provided sufficient hydroxyl groups and possibly induced a hydrolysis process to promote the formation of HCl. The K ion also served as a potential sink for chorine ions immobilization (via forming KCl). Both of these inhibited the formation of phenyl polychloride byproducts, thereby blocking the conversion of CB to chlorophenol and then PCDDs/PCDFs, and potentially ensuring a durable operation and less secondary pollution for the catalytic chloroaromatics combustion in industry.
