Aridity shapes distinct biogeographic and assembly patterns of forest soil bacterial and fungal communities at the regional scale.

Climate change is exacerbating drought in arid and semi-arid forest ecosystems worldwide. Soil microorganisms play a key role in supporting forest ecosystem services, yet their response to changes in aridity remains poorly understood. We present results from a study of 84 forests at four south-to-north Loess Plateau sites to assess how increases in aridity level (1- precipitation/evapotranspiration) shapes soil bacterial and fungal diversity and community stability by influencing community assembly. We showed that soil bacterial diversity underwent a significant downward trend at aridity levels >0.39, while fungal diversity decreased significantly at aridity levels >0.62. In addition, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Ascomycota increased with higher aridity level, while the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Basidiomycota showed the opposite trend. Bacterial communities also exhibited higher similarity-distance decay rates across geographic and environmental gradients than did fungal communities. Phylogenetic bin-based community assembly analysis revealed homogeneous selection and dispersal limitation as the two dominant processes in bacterial and fungal assembly. Dispersal limitation of bacterial communities monotonically increased with aridity levels, whereas homogeneous selection of fungal communities monotonically decreased. Importantly, aridity also increased the sensitivity of microbial communities to environmental disturbance and potentially decreased community stability, as evidenced by greater community similarity-environmental distance decay rates, narrower habitat niche breadth, and lower microbial network stability. Our study provides new insights into soil microbial drought response, with implications on the sustainability of ecosystems under environmental stress.

Evaluation of low-temperature ultrasonic marination of pork meat at various frequencies on physicochemical properties, myoglobin levels, and volatile compounds.

This study aims to evaluate the pork meat quality after ultrasonic brining at different frequencies, thereby providing a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of ultrasound marination on meat. The texture profile analysis showed that ultrasonic curing at various frequencies significantly improved the textural properties of samples, especially at 26.8 kHz, resulting in a reduction of tenderness, hardness, and chewiness values by 44%, 43%, and 44%, respectively. The cooking loss of samples marinated by ultrasound decreased from 27% without ultrasonic treatment to 22%, indicating a significant improvement in water-holding capacity, while the changes in pH had only a subtle impact on pork quality. Meanwhile, the color of pork became more rosy hue due to decreased L⁎ values and increased a⁎ values, which was mainly attributed to an elevated proportion of oxymyoglobin and reduced metmyoglobin content. Additionally, ultrasonic marination did not exert a negative impact on the oxidation of pork protein and lipids. After roasting, samples marinated by ultrasound exhibited a significantly higher abundance of volatile flavor compounds compared to static marinated meat (with an increase of 16 flavor substances) and fresh pork (with an increase of 24 flavor substances), demonstrating the efficacy of ultrasonic marination in enhancing the overall flavor and taste profile of pork. Consequently, the application of ultrasonic technology holds great potential for the "home kitchen type" rapid marination.

Nut consumption, gut microbiota, and body fat distribution: results of a large, community-based population study.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the relationships among nut consumption, gut microbiota, and body fat distribution. METHODS: We studied 2255 Chinese adults in the Lanxi Cohort living in urban areas in Lanxi City, China. Fat distribution was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and nut consumption was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on stool samples from 1724 participants. Linear regression and Spearman correlation were used in all analyses. A validation study was performed using 1274 participants in the Lanxi Cohort living in rural areas. RESULTS: Nut consumption was beneficially associated with regional fat accumulation. Gut microbial analysis suggested that a high intake of nuts was associated with greater microbial α diversity. Six genera were found to be associated with nut consumption, and the abundance of genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerotaenia, and Fusobacterium was significantly associated with fat distribution. Favorable relationships between α diversity and fat distribution were also observed. Similar relationships between gut microbiota and fat distribution were obtained in the validation analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that nut consumption is beneficially associated with body fat distribution and gut microbiota diversity and taxonomy. Furthermore, the microbial features related to high nut intake are associated with a favorable pattern of fat distribution.

Multimodal biosensing systems based on metal nanoparticles.

Biosensors are currently among the most commonly used devices for analysing biomarkers and play an important role in environmental detection, food safety, and disease diagnosis. Researchers have developed multimodal biosensors instead of single-modal biosensors to meet increasing sensitivity, accuracy, and stability requirements. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) are beneficial for preparing core probes for multimodal biosensors because of their excellent physical and chemical properties, such as easy regulation and modification, and because they can integrate diverse sensing strategies. This review mainly summarizes the excellent physicochemical properties of MNPs applied as biosensing probes and the principles of commonly used MNP-based multimodal sensing strategies. Recent applications and possible improvements of multimodal biosensors based on MNPs are also described, among which on-site inspection and sensitive detection are particularly important. The current challenges and prospects for multimodal biosensors based on MNPs may provide readers with a new perspective on this field.

Forest carbon stocks increase with higher dominance of ectomycorrhizal trees in high latitude forests.

Understanding the mechanisms controlling forest carbon accumulation is crucial for predicting and mitigating future climate change. Yet, it remains unclear whether the dominance of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees influences the carbon accumulation of entire forests. In this study, we analyzed forest inventory data from over 4000 forest plots across Northeast China. We find that EcM tree dominance consistently exerts a positive effect on tree, soil, and forest carbon stocks. Moreover, we observe that these positive effects are more pronounced during unfavorable climate conditions, at lower tree species richness, and during early successional stages. This underscores the potential of increasing the dominance of native EcM tree species not only to enhance carbon stocks but also to bolster resilience against climate change in high-latitude forests. Here we show that forest managers can make informed decisions to optimize carbon accumulation by considering various factors such as mycorrhizal types, climate, successional stages, and species richness.

Molecular Characterization of Feline Parvovirus from Domestic Cats in Henan Province, China from 2020 to 2022.

Carnivore protoparvovirus-1, feline parvovirus (FPV), and canine parvovirus (CPV) continue to spread in companion animals all over the world. As a result, FPV and CPV underwent host-to-host transfer in carnivorous wild-animal hosts. Here, a total of 82 fecal samples of suspected cat FPV infections were collected from Henan Province from 2020 to 2022. The previously published full-length sequence primers of VP2 and NS1 genes were used to amplify the targeted genes of these samples, and the complete gene sequences of 11 VP2 and 21 NS1 samples were obtained and analyzed. Analysis showed that the amino acid homology of the VP2 and NS1 genes of these isolates was 96.1-100% and 97.6-100%, respectively. The phylogenetic results showed that the VP2 and NS1 genes of the local isolates were mainly concentrated in the G1 subgroup, while the vaccine strains were distributed in the G3 subgroup. Finally, F81 cells were inoculated with the local endemic isolate Luoyang-01 (FPV-LY strain for short) for virus amplification, purification, and titer determination, and the pathogenesis of FPV-LY was detected. After five generations of blind transmission in F81 cells, cells infected with FPV-LY displayed characteristic morphological changes, including a round, threadlike, and wrinkled appearance, indicative of viral infection. The virus titer associated with this cytopathic effect (CPE) was measured at 1.5 × 106 TCID50/mL. Subsequent animal regression tests confirmed that the virus titer of the PFV-LY isolate remained at 1.5 × 106 TCID50/mL, indicating its highly pathogenic nature. Cats exposed to the virus exhibited typical clinical symptoms and pathological changes, ultimately succumbing to the infection. These results suggest that the gene mutation rate of FPV is increasing, resulting in a complex pattern of gene evolution in terms of host preference, geographical selection, and novel genetic variants. The data also indicate that continuous molecular epidemiological surveillance is required to understand the genetic diversity of FPV isolates.

Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and in-hospital outcomes: findings from the improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC-ACS) Project.

BACKGROUND: Stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) could provide accurate information on the acute status of hyperglycemia. The relationship between SHR and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) prognosis remains unclear. This study was conducted to identity the association between SHR and in-hospital outcomes in patients with ACS. METHODS: A total of 12,010 patients were eventually enrolled in the study. The relationship between SHR and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) was then modeled by restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves, and all patients were divided into three groups according to the results. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations between the SHR and in-hospital outcomes, described as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were also performed on different diseases. RESULTS: The median age of this cohort was 63 (54, 71) years old, and 8942 (74.5%) were male. Group 1 was defined as SHR < 0.6 (n = 426), Group 2 was defined as SHR between 0.6 and 1 (n = 5821), and Group 3 was defined as SHR > 1 (n = 5763). Compared with Group 2, Group 1 (OR = 1.891, 95% CI: 1.028-3.479, P < 0.001) and Group 3 (OR = 1.868, 95% CI: 1.434-2.434, P < 0.001) had higher risks of suffering from in-hospital MACEs. SHR was associated with higher risks of in-hospital MACEs in the subgroups of DM [OR = 2.282, 95% CI: 1.477-3.524). CONCLUSIONS: Both low and high SHR levels were independently associated with in-hospital MACEs. Young males with DM, hypertension, and decreased renal function had much higher risks of suffering from SHR-correlated MACEs.

Data-Driven Analysis Reveals Cortical Infarction Patterns Correlated With Inflammation and Prognosis: A Retrospective, Multicenter Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: We aim to identify the distinct lesion patterns and regions associated with functional outcome and inflammation in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and investigate whether the association between lesion patterns and functional outcome was mediated by inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed nonnegative matrix factorization to derived low-dimensional lesion patterns (atoms), and Bayesian linear regression models were applied to explore the associations of lesion patterns with inflammatory factors including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, as well as functional outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months). The difference distribution mean and 95% highest probability density interval (HPDI) were calculated. Mediation analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of inflammation on the relationships between lesion patterns and functional outcome. Seven lesion patterns were derived from 5914 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Lesion patterns distributed in the cortical regions were associated with inflammatory response, including atom 1 (interleukin-6: mean, 0.113 [95% HPDI, 0.073-0.162]; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: mean, 0.082 [95% HPDI, 0.038-0.123]) and atom 4 (interleukin-6: mean, 0.113 [95% HPDI, 0.071-0.167]; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: mean, 0.108 [95% HPDI, 0.058-0.165]). These lesion patterns were also significantly associated with functional outcome (atom 1: mean, 1.958 [95% HPDI, 1.538-2.383]; atom 4: mean, 2.245 [95% HPDI, 1.773-2.741]). Mediation analysis suggested that interleukin-6 explained 15.34% and 7.47% in the association of atom 1 and atom 4 with functional outcome, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Certain lesion patterns that are associated with both inflammation and functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke, especially cortical infarction, may play a role in functional outcome through modulating inflammatory reactions.

Janus Amphipathic Dressing With Liquid Self-Pumping and Blood-Clot Anti-Adhesion for Satisfactory Hemostasis.

Ideal hemostatic materials for the emergency rescue of war and traffic accident sufferers are essential to significantly control hemorrhage, reduce patient discomfort, and improve the survival ratio. However, most hemostats absorb blood quickly in contact with the wound; and then, adhere to blood clots, resulting in breaking scabs and tearing the wound when the materials are removed. Herein, an effective Janus amphipathic hemostatic dressing (Fiber@Gel/Ca2+/KL) with a fiber layer (polylactic acid/carboxymethyl chitosan) and a hydrogel layer (polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl chitosan, Ca2+, and kaolin) is reported. Such a composite dressing unidirectionally drains the excessive serum from its hydrophobic side (fiber layer) to its hydrophilic side (hydrogel layer), so-called self-pumping, thereby further concentrating coagulated factors (including red blood cells and platelets). Further, Ca2+ diffused from the hydrogel layer subsequently activates platelets and coagulation cascade. Besides, the Fiber@Gel/Ca2+/KL exhibits specific blood-clot anti-adhesion property on the fiber layer, making the dressing easily and safely peel off from the wound. It is believed that this novel hemostatic dressing with good hemostatic performance, easy clots removal, and excellent biocompatibility is expected to be used as a safe and efficient hemostatic dressing in clinical applications.

Lysosome-Targeted and pH-Activatable Phototheranostics for NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Phototherapy.

Currently, clinical therapeutic strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) confront insurmountable dilemmas in which surgical resection is incomplete and chemotherapy/radiotherapy has significant side effects. Phototherapy offers a maneuverable, effective, and noninvasive pattern for NPC therapy. Herein, we developed a lysosome-targeted and pH-responsive nanophototheranostic for near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of NPC. A lysosome-targeted S-D-A-D-S-type NIR-II phototheranostic molecule (IRFEM) is encapsulated within the acid-sensitive amphiphilic DSPE-Hyd-PEG2k to form IRFEM@DHP nanoparticles (NPs). The prepared IRFEM@DHP exhibits a good accumulation in the acidic lysosomes for facilitating the release of IRFEM, which could disrupt lysosomal function by generating an amount of heat and ROS under laser irradiation. Moreover, the guidelines of NIR-II fluorescence enhance the accuracy of PTT/PDT for NPC and avoid damage to normal tissues. Remarkably, IRFEM@DHP enable efficient antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, opening up a new avenue for precise NPC theranostics.

Novel Mutation in the Moesin (MSN) Gene Leads to Immunodeficiency with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infection and Dermatomyositis-Like Symptoms.

PURPOSE: Moesin (MSN) deficiency is a recently reported combined immunodeficiency, and few cases have been reported to date. We describe a Chinese patient with a novel mutation causing MSN deficiency and a novel phenotype. METHODS: Clinical and immunological data were collected. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify gene mutations. MSN protein expression and T cell proliferation and activation were determined by flow cytometry. Cell migration was confirmed with a Transwell assay. Autoantibody levels were analyzed using antigen microarrays. RESULTS: The patient was a 10-year-old boy who presented with recurrent fever, oral ulcers and dermatomyositis-like symptoms, such as periorbital edema, facial swelling, elevated creatine kinase levels, and abnormal electromyography and muscle biopsy results. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was detected in the serum, cells and tissues of this patient. He further developed nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma. A novel hemizygous mutation (c.68 A > G, p.N23S) in the MSN gene was found. The immunological phenotype of this patient included persistent decreases in T and B lymphocyte counts but normal immunoglobulin IgG levels. The patient had attenuated MSN protein expression and impaired T-cell proliferation and migration. The proportions of Tfh cells and CD21low B cells in the patient were higher than those in the controls. Moreover, 82 IgG and 102 IgM autoantibodies were more abundant in the patient than in the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The novel mutation N23S is pathogenic and leads to a severe clinical phenotype. EBV infection, tumor, and dermatomyositis-like autoimmune symptoms may be associated with MSN deficiency, further expanding the understanding of the disease.

Case report: A case of perineal prolapse of giant uterine fibroids complicated by multiple pulmonary embolisms and deep venous thrombosis.

A 43-year-old woman with a history of uterine fibroids, anemia, and deep vein thrombosis presented with a chief symptom of prolapse of tumor from the perineum, complicated by infection. The case was further complicated by bilateral pulmonary multiple embolism, deep vein thrombosis, acute cardiac insufficiency, acute renal insufficiency, and shock. The patient was treated with preoperative placement of an inferior vena cava filter, open hysterectomy, and perioperative anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin. She smoothly navigated the perioperative period and recovered completely.

Sensors Layout Optimization Design of Rocket Sled Test System.

The rocket sled, as a ground dynamic test system, combines the characteristics of the wind tunnel test and the flight test. However, some practical factors, such as shock wave interference, ground effect, and high-intensity aerodynamic noise will cause serious interference and even failure of the uniformly distributed sensors during horizontal sliding in a wide speed range. The AGARD HB-2 standard model is employed as the payload to simulate the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics during the variable acceleration period, aiming to optimize the test sensors layout. It is observed that in the high Mach number flow fields, strong coupling behaviors among complex waves will occur. The peak of wake vortex strength will appear at 1.5 s and gradually diminish over time. In addition, when the vortex between the load and the booster is monitored, its position shifts forward in the subsonic stage, then gradually moves backward and expands in the supersonic stage. Acoustic directivity is pronounced at subsonic and transonic speeds, pointing towards 75° and 135° relative to the sliding speed, respectively. These results can provide technical support for sensor layout and high-precision testing in rocket sled tests.

Ozone sensitivity regimes vary at different heights in the planetary boundary layer.

The sensitivity of tropospheric ozone (O3) to its precursors volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) determines the emission reduction strategy for O3 mitigation. Due to the lack of comprehensive vertical measurements of VOCs, the vertical distribution of O3 sensitivity regimes has not been well understood. O3 precursor sensitivity determined by ground-level measurements has been generally used to guide O3 control strategy. Here, to precisely diagnose O3 sensitivity regimes at different heights in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), we developed a vertical measurement system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle platform to conduct comprehensive vertical measurements of VOCs, NOX and other relevant parameters. Our results suggest that the O3 precursor sensitivity shifts from a VOC-limited regime at the ground to a NOX-limited regime at upper layers, indicating that the ground-level O3 sensitivity cannot represent the situation of the whole PBL. We also found that the state-of-the-art photochemical model tends to underestimate oxygenated VOCs at upper layers, resulting in overestimation of the degree of VOCs-limited regime. Therefore, thorough vertical measurements of VOCs to accurately diagnose O3 precursor sensitivity is in urgent need for the development of effective O3 control strategies.

Structurally Regulated Design Strategy of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Based Ceramics for High Energy-Storage Performance at a Low Electric Field.

Dielectric ceramic capacitors are prospective energy-storage devices for pulsed-power systems owing to their ultrafast charge-discharge speed. However, low energy-storage density makes them difficult to commercialize for high-pulse-power technology applications. Herein, we presented a structurally regulated design strategy to disrupt a long-range ferroelectric order, refined grains, and eventually achieve excellent comprehensive energy-storage performance in (1 - x) (0.7Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.3SrTiO3)-x Sm(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 eco-friendly ceramics. A large Wrec of ∼7.43 ± 0.05 J/cm3 and a high η of ∼85 ± 0.5% of 0.96 (0.7Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.3SrTiO3)-0.04 Sm(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 were obtained at a low electric field of 290 kV cm-1 with good energy-storage temperature (25-120 °C), frequency (1-100 Hz) stability, and charge-discharge properties (PD ∼ 74 ± 1 MW/cm3 and τ0.9 ∼ 159 ± 2 ns). This strategy inspires rational structurally regulated designs and aims to promote the development of eco-friendly 0.7Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based ceramics with excellent energy-storage characteristics.

Stable and Fast Ion Transport Electrolyte Interfaces Modified with Novel Fluorine- and Nitrogen-Containing Solvents for Ni-Rich Cathode Materials.

Ternary nickel-rich layered oxide LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) is recognized as a cathode material with a promising future, attributed to its high energy density. However, the pulverization of cathode particles, structural collapse, and electrolyte decomposition are closely associated with the fragile cathode-electrolyte interphases (CEI), which seriously affect the electrochemical performances of ternary high-nickel materials. In this paper, fluorine- and nitrogen-containing methyl-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (MNTB) was selected, which was synergistically regulated with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) to generate a robust CEI film. The preferential decomposition of MNTB/FEC results in the formation of an inorganic-rich (Li3N, LiF, and Li2O) CEI film with uniformly dense and stable characteristics, which is conducive to the migration of Li+ and the stability of the NCM811 structure and enhances the cycling stability of the battery system. Simultaneously, MNTB effectively suppresses the adverse reaction associated with increased polarization caused by higher interface impedance due to conventional single FEC additives, further improving the rate capability of the battery. Moreover, MNTB/FEC can effectively eliminate HF, preventing its corrosion on the NCM811 cathode. Under the synergistic effect of MNTB/FEC, after 300 discharge cycles at a high cutoff voltage of 4.3 V and a current density of 1 C (2 mA cm-2), the discharge capacity of the NCM811||Li battery was 150.12 mA h g-1 with a capacity retention of 81.10%, while it was only 32.8% for the standard electrolyte (STD). The discharged capacity of the MNTB/FEC-containing battery was about 115.43 mA h g-1 at the high rate of 7 C, which was considerably higher than that of the STD (93.34 mA h g-1). In this study, the designed MNTB as a novel solvent synergistically regulated with FEC will contribute to the enhanced stability of NCM811 materials at high cutoff voltages and at the same time provide an effective modified strategy to enhance the stability of commercial electrodes.

Exploring the Efficacy of Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives in Mitigating Jellyfish Toxin-Induced Skin Damage: Insights into Protective and Reparative Mechanisms.

The escalation of jellyfish stings has drawn attention to severe skin reactions, underscoring the necessity for novel treatments. This investigation assesses the potential of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, specifically protocatechuic acid (PCA) and gentisic acid (DHB), for alleviating Nemopilema nomurai Nematocyst Venom (NnNV)-induced injuries. By employing an in vivo mouse model, the study delves into the therapeutic efficacy of these compounds. Through a combination of ELISA and Western blot analyses, histological examinations, and molecular assays, the study scrutinizes the inflammatory response, assesses skin damage and repair mechanisms, and investigates the compounds' ability to counteract venom effects. Our findings indicate that PCA and DHB significantly mitigate inflammation by modulating critical cytokines and pathways, altering collagen ratios through topical application, and enhancing VEGF and bFGF levels. Furthermore, both compounds demonstrate potential in neutralizing NnNV toxicity by inhibiting metalloproteinases and phospholipase-A2, showcasing the viability of small-molecule compounds in managing toxin-induced injuries.

An Alkaline Nanocage Continuously Activates Inflammasomes by Disrupting Multiorganelle Homeostasis for Efficient Pyroptosis.

Pyroptosis has garnered increasing attention because of its ability to trigger robust antitumor immunity. Pyroptosis is initiated by the activation of inflammasomes, which are regulated by various organelles. The collaboration among organelles offers several protective mechanisms to prevent activation of the inflammasome, thereby limiting the induction of efficient pyroptosis. Herein, a multiorganelle homeostasis disruptor (denoted BLL) is constructed by encapsulating liposomes and bortezomib (BTZ) within a layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocage to continuously activate inflammasomes for inducing efficient pyroptosis. In lysosomes, the negatively charged liposomes are released to recruit the NLRP3 inflammasomes through electrostatic interactions. ER stress is induced by BTZ to enhance the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Meanwhile, the BLL nanocage exhibited H+-scavenging ability due to the weak alkalinity of LDH, thus disrupting the homeostasis of the lysosome and alleviating the degradation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by lysosomal-associated autophagy. Our results suggest that the BLL nanocage induces homeostatic imbalance in various organelles and efficient pyroptosis. We hope this work can provide new insights into the design of an efficient pyroptosis inducer by disrupting the homeostatic balance of multiple organelles and promote the development of novel antineoplastic platforms.

Reducing Soil-Emitted Nitrous Acid as a Feasible Strategy for Tackling Ozone Pollution.

Severe ozone (O3) pollution has been a major air quality issue and affects environmental sustainability in China. Conventional mitigation strategies focusing on reducing volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides (NOx) remain complex and challenging. Here, through field flux measurements and laboratory simulations, we observe substantial nitrous acid (HONO) emissions (FHONO) enhanced by nitrogen fertilizer application at an agricultural site. The observed FHONO significantly improves model performance in predicting atmospheric HONO and leads to regional O3 increases by 37%. We also demonstrate the significant potential of nitrification inhibitors in reducing emissions of reactive nitrogen, including HONO and NOx, by as much as 90%, as well as greenhouse gases like nitrous oxide by up to 60%. Our findings introduce a feasible concept for mitigating O3 pollution: reducing soil HONO emissions. Hence, this study has important implications for policy decisions related to the control of O3 pollution and climate change.

Facile and scalable synthesis of functionalized hierarchical porous polymers for efficient uranium adsorption.

Efficient uranium capture from wastewater holds great importance for the environmental remediation and sustainable development of nuclear energy, but it is a tremendous challenge. Herein, a facile and scalable approach is reported to fabricate functionalized hierarchical porous polymers (PPN-3) decorated with high density of phosphate groups for uranium adsorption. The as-constructed hierarchical porous structure could allow rapid diffusion of uranyl ions, while abundant phosphate groups that serve as adsorption sites could provide the high affinity for uranyl. Consequently, PPN-3 shows a high uranium adsorption uptake of 923.06 mg g-1 and reaches adsorption equilibrium within simply 10 min in uranium-spiked aqueous solution. Moreover, PPN-3 affords selective adsorption of uranyl over multiple metal ions and possesses a rapid and high removal rate of U(VI) in real water systems. Furthermore, this study offers direct polymerization strategy for the cost-effective fabrication of phosphate-functionalized porous organic polymers, which may provide promising application potential for uranium extraction.