Short-Term Efficacy of Cerebello-spinal tDCS and Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training in the Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration: a Rare Case Report.

The present case study reported a patient diagnosed with hypertrophic olivary degeneration, a rare condition characterized by a trans-neuronal degeneration and signal enhancement in T2-weighted images on magnetic resonance imaging, usually caused by cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and trauma. Furthermore, the relevant literature review was performed. The existing pharmacological treatment has limited clinical benefits on the patient. Since spontaneous remission hardly occurs in the disease, there are no other effective treatments. In this case, the patient was a 55-year-old Chinese male who presented progressive gait difficulty for several months due to both-sided ataxia. Neurological examination revealed upper extremity and lower limb bilateral spasticity, ataxia, slurred speech, and dysmetria. Therefore, our study treated the patient through the inventive application of cerebello-spinal transcranial direct current stimulation and body weight-supported treadmill training. After a 4-week treatment, the patient could walk independently, without aid, speeding up by 7%, as well as the ataxia symptoms, and balance has improved significantly. It was demonstrated in this case report that the combination of cerebello-spinal tDCS and body weight-supported treadmill training can be an effective treatment for patients with Hypertrophic olivary degeneration.

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in a Patient with Ataxia-Ocular Apraxia 2: a Case Report.

Ataxia-ocular apraxia 2 (AOA2) is a rare neurodegenerative autosomal recessive disorder with no effective treatment. In this study, we present the case of a patient diagnosed with AOA2, who experienced walking instability and uncoordinated movement. The patient underwent transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) treatment for 4 weeks with follow-up after 1 month. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS), the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), the 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Following treatment, the patient's ataxia symptoms showed significant improvement and continued to be alleviated during the follow-up period, suggesting a lasting effect of tACS treatment. Our findings from this case study provide compelling evidence for the potential of tACS as a treatment option for AOA2.

RETRACTED: Preoperative chlorhexidine versus povidone-iodine antisepsis for preventing surgical site infection: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor of the Journal. The retraction has been made because the Editor has been informed that a similar article containing the same research was submitted to another journal by other authors. The authors have admitted errors in drafting and submitting the paper and apologise for the mistakes.

Mesh reinforcement for the prevention of incisional hernia formation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: European Hernia Society guidelines suggested that the evidence of mesh augmentation for the prevention of incisional hernia (IH) was weak. In addition, previous systematic reviews seldom focused on quality of life and cost-effectiveness related to mesh placement. Therefore, an updated meta-analysis was performed to clarify quality of life, cost-effectiveness, the safety, and effectiveness of mesh reinforcement in preventing the incidence of IH. METHODS: Embase, Pubmed, and the Cochrane library were searched from the inception to May 2016 without language limitation for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which explored mesh reinforcement for the prevention of IH in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. RESULTS: Twelve RCTs totaling 1661 patients (958 in mesh, 703 in nonmesh) were included in our study. Compared with nonmesh, mesh reinforcement can effectively decrease the incidence of IH (relative risk: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.09-0.42). Besides, mesh placement was associated with improved quality of life, a higher rate of seroma (relative risk: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.13-2.37), and longer operating time (mean difference: 17.62; 95% CI: 1.44-33.80). No difference can be found between both groups in postoperative overall morbidity, systemic postoperative morbidity, wound-related morbidity, surgical site infection, hematoma, wound disruption, postoperative mortality, and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic mesh reinforcement may be effective and safe to prevent the formation of IH after abdominal surgery, without impairing quality of life. Thus, preventive mesh should be routinely recommended in high-risk patients.

Glucagon like peptide-1 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, involving the inactivation of NF-κB in mice.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with high mortality and poor prognosis. Previous studies confirmed that NF-κB plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has a property of anti-inflammation by inactivation of NF-κB. Furthermore, the GLP-1 receptor was detected in the lung tissues. Our aim was to investigate the potential value and mechanisms of GLP-1 on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Mice with BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis were treated with or without GLP-1 administration. 28 days after BLM infusion, the number of total cells, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and the content of TGF-ß1 in BALF were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson's trichrome (MT) staining were performed. The Ashcroft score and hydroxyproline content were analyzed. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to evaluate the expression of α-SMA and VCAM-1. The phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 was also assessed by western blot. DNA binding of NF-κB p65 was measured through Trans(AM) p65 transcription factor ELISA kit. GLP-1 reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and the content of TGF-ß1 in BLAF in mice with BLM injection. The Ashcroft score and hydroxyproline content were decreased by GLP-1 administration. Meanwhile, BLM-induced overexpression of α-SMA and VCAM-1 were blocked by GLP-1 treatment in mice. GLP-1 also reduced the ratio of phosphor-NF-κB p65/total-NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Our data found that BLM-induced lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis were significantly alleviated by GLP-1 treatment in mice, possibly through inactivation of NF-κB.

[Meta analysis on acupuncture-moxibustion for amblyopia [correction of agrypnia] ].

The effectiveness and safety of acupuncture-moxibustion for the treatment of agrypnia was systematically reviewed. The clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT) of acupuncture-moxibustion for agrypnia were collected. The literature and document on acupuncture-moxibustion RCT for the treatment of agrypnia that published from January of 2001 to March of 2012 was searched with computer in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database. According to Cochrane Handbook 5. 1. 0, the bias risk and quality assessment were performed on every included trial and RevMan 5. 0 software was applied to make the Meta analysis. Totally 14 researches were included, involving 2662 cases. The Meta analysis showed that the differences of total effective rate between acupuncture-moxibustion and clinical routine treatment were significant [RR = 1.16, 95% CI (1.12, 1.19), Z = 9.32, P < 0.000 01]. The results indicate that total effective rate of acupuncture-moxibustion for agrypnia is obviously superior to that of clinical routine treatment, meaning clinical efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion is served credit.

Mechanism of BDE209-induced impaired glucose homeostasis based on gene microarray analysis of adult rat liver.

Several persistent organic pollutants are reported to be potentially associated with the risk of human diabetes that has become rapidly epidemic in China currently. 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) is commercially most important both in the production and in the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). It might bioaccumulate in wildlife and human and is the only PBDEs mixture still used today. In the present study, male adult rats treated with BDE209 (0, 0.05, 1, and 20 mg/kg) for 8 weeks were used to explore the effects of BDE209 on glucose homeostasis and possible mechanisms; 0.05 mg/kg of BDE209 induced dose-related hyperglycemia. Then, we performed the full-genome gene expression microarrays, gene ontology analysis, and pathway analysis in this group and control. BDE209 induced 1,257 liver gene transcript changes, and 18 canonical pathways were significantly enriched. Four of them were involved in immune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disease, graft-versus-host disease, allograft rejection, and type I diabetes mellitus (T1MD), which was confirmed by the decrease in serum insulin. Subsequently, gene act network and gene co-expression network found that some MHC molecules and TNF-α were involved in T1DM pathway, which was then confirmed by the increase in serum TNF-α. Additionally, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase in plasma indicated that oxidative damage might partly contribute to BDE209-induced hyperglycemia. The results of this study provide some new experimental evidence that the exposure to high levels of BDE209 may contribute to the onset of diabetes in human populations. Further work needs to be done to confirm this link.