Analysis of risk and protective factors associated with retinal nerve fiber layer defect in a Chinese adult population.

AIM: To investigate the risk and protective factors associated with the retinal nerve fiber layer defect (RNFLD) in a Chinese adult population. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional population-based investigation including employees and retirees of a coal mining company in Kailuan City, Hebei Province. All the study participants underwent a comprehensive systemic and ophthalmic examination. RNFLD was diagnosed on fundus photographs. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the risk and protective factors associated with the RNFLD. RESULTS: The community-based study included 14 440 participants. There were 10 473 participants in our study, including 7120 males (68.0%) and 3353 females (32.0%). The age range was 45-108y, averaging 59.56±8.66y. Totally 568 participants had RNFLD and the prevalence rate was 5.42%. A higher prevalence of RNFLD was associated with older age [P<0.001, odds ratio (OR): 1.032; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.018-1.046], longer axial length (P=0.010, OR: 1.190; 95%CI: 1.042-1.359), hypertension (P=0.007, OR: 0.639; 95%CI: 0.460-0.887), and diabetes mellitus (P=0.019, OR: 0.684; 95%CI: 0.499-0.939). The protective factors of RNFLD were visual acuity (P=0.038, OR: 0.617; 95%CI: 0.391-0.975), and central anterior chamber depth (P=0.046, OR: 0.595; 95%CI: 0.358-0.990). CONCLUSION: In our cross-sectional community-based study, with an age range of 45-108y, RNFLD is associated with older age, longer axial length, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. The protective factors of RNFLD are visual acuity and central anterior chamber depth. These can help to predict and evaluate RNFLD related diseases and identify high-risk populations early.

Artificial Intelligence for Screening of Multiple Retinal and Optic Nerve Diseases.

Importance: The lack of experienced ophthalmologists limits the early diagnosis of retinal diseases. Artificial intelligence can be an efficient real-time way for screening retinal diseases. Objective: To develop and prospectively validate a deep learning (DL) algorithm that, based on ocular fundus images, recognizes numerous retinal diseases simultaneously in clinical practice. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, diagnostic study at 65 public medical screening centers and hospitals in 19 Chinese provinces included individuals attending annual routine medical examinations and participants of population-based and community-based studies. Exposures: Based on 120 002 ocular fundus photographs, the Retinal Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis System (RAIDS) was developed to identify 10 retinal diseases. RAIDS was validated in a prospective collected data set, and the performance between RAIDS and ophthalmologists was compared in the data sets of the population-based Beijing Eye Study and the community-based Kailuan Eye Study. Main Outcomes and Measures: The performance of each classifier included sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 score, and Cohen κ score. Results: In the prospective validation data set of 208 758 images collected from 110 784 individuals (median [range] age, 42 [8-87] years; 115 443 [55.3%] female), RAIDS achieved a sensitivity of 89.8% (95% CI, 89.5%-90.1%) to detect any of 10 retinal diseases. RAIDS differentiated 10 retinal diseases with accuracies ranging from 95.3% to 99.9%, without marked differences between medical screening centers and geographical regions in China. Compared with retinal specialists, RAIDS achieved a higher sensitivity for detection of any retinal abnormality (RAIDS, 91.7% [95% CI, 90.6%-92.8%]; certified ophthalmologists, 83.7% [95% CI, 82.1%-85.1%]; junior retinal specialists, 86.4% [95% CI, 84.9%-87.7%]; and senior retinal specialists, 88.5% [95% CI, 87.1%-89.8%]). RAIDS reached a superior or similar diagnostic sensitivity compared with senior retinal specialists in the detection of 7 of 10 retinal diseases (ie, referral diabetic retinopathy, referral possible glaucoma, macular hole, epiretinal macular membrane, hypertensive retinopathy, myelinated fibers, and retinitis pigmentosa). It achieved a performance comparable with the performance by certified ophthalmologists in 2 diseases (ie, age-related macular degeneration and retinal vein occlusion). Compared with ophthalmologists, RAIDS needed 96% to 97% less time for the image assessment. Conclusions and Relevance: In this diagnostic study, the DL system was associated with accurately distinguishing 10 retinal diseases in real time. This technology may help overcome the lack of experienced ophthalmologists in underdeveloped areas.

Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China.

Background: As COVID-19 occurs suddenly and is highly contagious, this will inevitably cause people anxiety, depression, etc. The study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the COVID-19 outbreak is of practical significance. Methods: 600 valid questionnaires were received. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used. Results: Females' anxiety risk was 3.01 times compared to males (95% CI 1.39-6.52). Compared with people below 40 years old, the anxiety risk of people above 40 years old was 0.40 times (95% CI 0.16-0.99). SDS results indicated that the difference between education level and occupation was statistically significant (p = 0.024, 0.005). Compared to people with a master's degree or above, those with a bachelor's degree group had a depression risk of 0.39 times (95% CI 0.17-0.87). Compared with professionals, industrial service workers and other staff had a depression risk of 0.31 times (95% CI 0.15-0.65) and 0.38 times (95% CI 0.15-0.93). Conclusions: 600 questionnaire participants were psychologically stable. Non-anxiety and non-depression rates were 93.67% and 82.83%, respectively. There were anxiety in 6.33% and depression in 17.17%. Therefore, we should pay attention to the psychological states of the public.

A Robust Luminescent Tb(III)-MOF with Lewis Basic Pyridyl Sites for the Highly Sensitive Detection of Metal Ions and Small Molecules.

A new luminescent terbium-metal-organic framework [Tb3(L)2(HCOO)(H2O)5]·DMF·4H2O (1) (H4L = 4,4'-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)diisophthalic acid) has been successfully assembled by Tb(3+) ions and an undeveloped pyridyl-tetracarboxylate. Compound 1 exhibits a 3D porous (3,8)-connected (4.5(2))2(4(2).5(12).6(6).7(5).8(3)) topological framework with fascinating 1D open hydrophilic channels decorated by uncoordinated Lewis basic pyridyl nitrogen atoms. In particular, the Tb-MOF (1) can detect Cu(2+) ions with high selectivity and sensitivity, and its luminescence is nearly entirely quenched in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and biological system. In addition, 1 still has high detection for the trace content of nitromethane with 70 ppm, which suggests that 1 is a promising example of dual functional materials with sensing copper ions and nitromethane.

Crystal structure of catena-poly[bis(formato-κO)bis-[µ2-1,1'-(1,4-phenyl-ene)bis-(1H-imidazole)-κ(2) N (3):N (3')]cobalt(II)].

A red block-shaped crystal of the title compound, [Co(HCOO)2(C12H10N4)2] n , was obtained by the reaction of cobalt(II) nitrate hexa-hydrate, formic acid and 1,1'-(1,4-phenyl-ene)bis-(1H-imidazole) (bib) mol-ecules. The asymmetric unit consists of one Co(II) cation, one formate ligand and two halves of a bib ligand. The central Co(II) cation, located on an inversion centre, is coordinated by two carboxyl-ate O atoms and four N atoms from bib ligands, completing an octa-hedral coordination geometry. The Co(II) centres are bridged by bib ligands, giving a two-dimensional net. Topologically, taking the Co(II) atoms as nodes and the bib ligands as linkers, the two-dimensional structure can be simplified as a typical sql/Shubnikov tetra-gonal plane network. The structure features C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions between formate and bib ligands, resulting in a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

Crystal structure of catena-poly[[di-aqua-cobalt(II)]-bis-[µ-5-(4-carb-oxy-ylato-phenyl)picolinato]-κ(3) N,O (2):O (5);κ(3) O (5):N,O (2)-[di-aqua-cobalt(II)]-µ-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]-1H-imidazole-κ(2) N (3):N (3')].

The asymmetric unit of the title polymeric Co(II) complex, [Co2(C13H7NO4)2(C12H10N4)(H2O)4] n , contains a Co(II) cation, a 5-(4-carboxyl-atophen-yl)picolinate dianion, two coordination water mol-ecules and half of 1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]-1H-imidazole ligand. The Co(II) cation is coordinated by two picolinate dianions, two water mol-ecules and one 1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]-1H-imidazole mol-ecule in a distorted N2O4 octa-hedral coordination geometry. The two picolinate dianions are related by an inversion centre and link two Co(II) cations, forming a binuclear unit, which is further bridged by the imidazole mol-ecules, located about an inversion centre, into the polymeric chain propagating along the [-1-11] direction. In the crystal, the three-dimensional supra-molecular architecture is constructed by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the coordinating water mol-ecules and the non-coordinating carboxyl-ate O atoms of adjacent polymeric chains.

Forensic Potential of MMPs and CC Chemokines for Wound Age Determination.

In this study, we investigated time-dependent expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, chemokine CC motif ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-3, CCL-5, IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA at the skin injury site and sought their forensic potentials during the skin wound repair process. The tested wound ages in 42 mouse skin wounds were distributed at 0d, 1d, 3d, 5d, 7d, 10d, and 14d, respectively and then followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Ultimately, MMP-2 played an important role in the inflammation phase. On the contrary, MMP-9 became involved at a later phase during wound healing. Meanwhile, CCL-2 and CCL-3 were active throughout almost all of the process. However, CCL-5 mRNA had no significance. Collectively, an MMP-9/MMP-2 ratio of over 0.84 indicated that skin wound healing age was strongly 5 days or less. So elevated gene expressions of cytokines and chemokines in different phases of wound ages implied that combined exploration could make wound age determination more accurate and objective.

A new surfactant-introduction strategy for separating the pure single-phase of metal-organic frameworks.

By introducing different surfactants into a reaction system, two previous mixed-phase Ni(II)-MOFs constructed from an undeveloped pyridyl-tetracarboxylate and Ni(II) salts were successfully isolated to obtain two pure products. Compound 1 exhibits a 3D H-bonded network with (3,8)-connected {4.5(2)}2{4(2).5(6).6(14).7(2).8(4)} topology, while 2 features a 3D 2-fold interpenetrating framework with a self-penetrating (3,4,4)-connected {6(2).10(3).12}{6(3)}2{6(4).8.10}2 topological net.

Di-aqua-bis-[5-(pyrazin-2-yl-κN (1))-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazolido-κN (1)]zinc.

In the title compound, [Zn(C11H7N6)2(H2O)2], the Zn(II) cation, located on an inversion center, is N,N'-chelated by two 5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazolide anions and is further coordinated by two water mol-ecules in a distorted N4O2 octa-hedral geometry. In the anionic ligand, the pyrazine and pyridine rings are twisted with respect to the central triazole ring by 5.77 (10) and 11.54 (10)°, respectively. In the crystal, classical O-H⋯N and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions between aromatic rings [the centroid-centroid distances between triazole and pyrazine rings, and between triazole and pyridine rings are 3.623 (2) and 3.852 (2) Å, respectively] connect the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional supra-molecular architecture.

Biphenyl-2,4,4',6-tetra-carb-oxy-lic acid monohydrate.

In the title compound, C16H10O8·H2O, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 71.59 (8)°. The COOH groups make dihedral angles of 10.3 (2), 30.8 (2), 11.3 (2) and 42.3 (2)° with their attached rings. In the crystal, O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

[Prognosis of traumatic eyes with no light perception undergone vitrectomy and analysis of risk factors].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognosis of traumatic eyes with no light perception post vitrectomy, and to analyze the risk factors influencing the final results. METHODS: Five hundred and ninety nine mechanically injured eyes in 577 patients undergone vitrectomy were registered from 1999 - 2004. Thirty-eight eyes in this group showed no light perception in initial visual examination. Thirty-two eyes (84.2%) had open-globe injury, the other 6 eyes (15.8%) had closed-globe injury. Excluded the enucleated eyes, the others were followed up for at least 6 months, averaged 7.2 months. All registered data were filled in predesigned forms. Each parameter was evaluated strictly according to the standards of the protocol. The risk factors of poor prognosis and traumatic no light perception were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes (36.8%) achieved anatomic and functional success. Three eyes (7.9%) attained anatomic success. Nine eyes (23.7%) were enucleated. Hypotony occurred in 4 eyes. Seven eyes were maintained by silicone oil. Atrophy of eyeball occurred in 1 eye. Twenty-one eyes (55.3%) achieved a final visual acuity of light perception or better, including: 0.2 in 3 eyes, 0.02 in 2 eyes, count finger in 3 eyes, hand move in 3 eyes, light perception in 10 eyes. Eight eyes (21.1%) remained no light perception. The logistic regression analysis identified the significant risk factors predictive of poor prognosis, including traumatic no light perception, presence of a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), massive suprachoroid hemorrhage (MSCH), panretinal detachment with closed-funnel, ciliary body injury, preoperative atrophy of eyeball, prolapse of iris and aniridia, extrusion of crystalline lens, length of scleral wound greater than 10 mm and ruptured injury. These factors were also the risk factors of traumatic no light perception, excluded traumatic no light perception, prolapse of iris and aniridia. More than one risk factor usually co-exists in each eye. CONCLUSIONS: The eyes with traumatic no light perception have poor prognosis. However, 45% of them can achieve functional and anatomic success undergone vitrectomy. Eyes with no light perception are related to the combination of various risk factors. MSCH, severe retinal injury and extensive ciliary body injury are the main risk factors for poor prognosis.