Safety issues related to the electronic cross-matching of blood in mainland China: A prospective cohort study involving cross-matching of 40,228 blood samples.

Although the electronic cross-matching of blood has been widely applied in some developed countries and regions, concern over the risk of undetected red blood cell (RBC) antibodies has limited its application in mainland China.This study was performed to explore the missed detection rate of RBC antibodies in a Chinese population from 2011 to 2016. If the results of 2 consecutive tests of ABO/RhD blood group identification were consistent and antibody screening results were negative, electronic cross-matching of the blood was performed. In addition, traditional serological cross-matching of blood (polybrene method) and a parallel experiment for electronic cross-matching of blood were performed to analyze the missed detection of unexpected RBC antibodies in blood donors and recipients.Using the polybrene method, 40,228 blood samples were tested by parallel traditional serological cross-matching of blood; among these samples, blood compatibility was found in 40,222 cases, primary incompatibility (incompatibility of the donor's erythrocytes with the recipient's serum) was found in 6 cases, and no secondary incompatibility was found. Identification of antibody specificity was performed using panel cells, and all unexpected RBC antibodies were confirmed as anti-Mur alloantibodies in the MNS system.Further improvements in the erythrocyte antigenic spectrum, especially the Mur antigen in Asian populations, are expected to ensure the safety of implementing electronic cross-matching in China.

Molecular evolution of influenza B virus during 2011-2017 in Chaoyang, Beijing, suggesting the free influenza vaccine policy.

Two influenza B virus lineages, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, are co-circulating in human population. While the two lineages are serologically distinct and TIV only contain one lineage. It is important to investigate the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of two influenza B virus lineages in Beijing after the free influenza vaccine policy from 2007. Here, we collected the nasopharyngeal swabs of 12657 outpatients of influenza-like illness and subtyped by real-time RT-PCR during 2011-2017. The HA and NA genes of influenza B were fully sequenced. The prevalence is the highest in the 6-17 years old group among people infected with influenza B. Yamagata-lineage virus evolved to two inter-clade from 2011-2014 to 2014-2017. The amino acids substitutions of HA1 region were R279K in strains of 2011-2014 and L173Q, M252V in strains of 2014-2017. Substitutions L58P, I146V were observed in HA1 region of Victoria-lineage virus in 2011-2012 and I117V, N129D were showed in 2015-2017. Phylogenetic analysis of NA showed Yamagata-Victoria inter-lineage reassortant occurred in 2013-2014. Influenza B mainly infect the school-aged children in Beijing and the free influenza vaccine inoculation does not seem to block school-age children from infection with influenza B. The antigen characteristics of circulating influenza B were different to the recommended vaccine strains. We concluded that the Victoria-lineage vaccine strain should been changed and the free influenza vaccine should be revalued.

miR-7 Increases Cisplatin Sensitivity of Gastric Cancer Cells Through Suppressing mTOR.

MicroRNAs have been reported to play an important role in diverse biological processes and cancer progression. MicroRNA-7 has been observed to be downregulated in human gastric cancer tissues, but the function of microRNA-7 in gastric cancer has not been well investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression of microRNA-7 was significantly downregulated in 30 pairs of human gastric cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Enforced expression of microRNA-7 inhibited cell proliferation and migration abilities of gastric cancer cells, BGC823 and SGC7901. Furthermore, microRNA-7 targeted mTOR in gastric cancer cells. In human clinical specimens, mTOR was higher expressed in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. More interestingly, microRNA-7 also sensitizes gastric cancer cells to cisplatin (CDDP) by targeting mTOR. Collectively, our results demonstrate that microRNA-7 is a tumor suppressor microRNA and indicate its potential application for the treatment of human gastric cancer in future.

Effect of secondary gas injection on the peanut shell combustion and its pollutant emissions in a vortexing fluidized bed combustor.

Peanut shell is a common agricultural waste in Asia, and its high calorific value is suitable to be used as a fuel. In this study, a vortexing fluidized bed combustor (VFBC) with silica sand as the bed material was used for peanut shell combustion. There was no indication of bed agglomeration during combustions for as long as 12h. The temperatures and gas concentrations were measured along the axial direction at various operating conditions, including excess oxygen ratio and secondary gas flow rate. Results show that CO emission decreases with rising excess oxygen ratio and secondary gas flow rate, while NOx emissions show a reverse trend. To meet the minimum CO and NOx emission standards of Taiwan EPA, excess oxygen ratio ranging from 40% to 55% and secondary gas flow rate ranging from 1.56 to 2 Nm(3)/min are found optimal for crushed peanut shell combustion in a VFBC.