Metabolic engineering of Komagataella phaffii for the efficient utilization of methanol.

BACKGROUND: Komagataella phaffii, a type of methanotrophic yeast, can use methanol, a favorable non-sugar substrate in eco-friendly bio-manufacturing. The dissimilation pathway in K. phaffii leads to the loss of carbon atoms in the form of CO2. However, the ΔFLD strain, engineered to lack formaldehyde dehydrogenase-an essential enzyme in the dissimilation pathway-displayed growth defects when exposed to a methanol-containing medium. RESULTS: Inhibiting the dissimilation pathway triggers an excessive accumulation of formaldehyde and a decline in the intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio. Here, we designed dual-enzyme complex with the alcohol oxidase1/dihydroxyacetone synthase1 (Aox1/Das1), enhancing the regeneration of the formaldehyde receptor xylulose-5-phosphate (Xu5P). This strategy mitigated the harmful effects of formaldehyde accumulation and associated toxicity to cells. Concurrently, we elevated the NAD+/NADH ratio by overexpressing isocitrate dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle, promoting intracellular redox homeostasis. The OD600 of the optimized combination of the above strategies, strain DF02-1, was 4.28 times higher than that of the control strain DF00 (ΔFLD, HIS4+) under 1% methanol. Subsequently, the heterologous expression of methanol oxidase Mox from Hansenula polymorpha in strain DF02-1 resulted in the recombinant strain DF02-4, which displayed a growth at an OD600 4.08 times higher than that the control strain DF00 in medium containing 3% methanol. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of formaldehyde accumulation, the increase of NAD+/NADH ratio, and the enhancement of methanol oxidation effectively improved the efficient utilization of a high methanol concentration by strain ΔFLD strain lacking formaldehyde dehydrogenase. The modification strategies implemented in this study collectively serve as a foundational framework for advancing the efficient utilization of methanol in K. phaffii.

Size Dependence of Ultrafast Electron Transfer from Didodecyl Dimethylammonium Bromide-Modified CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals to Electron Acceptors.

Charge transfer efficiencies in all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are crucial for applications in photovoltaics and photocatalysis. Herein, CsPbBr3 NCs with different sizes are synthesized by varying the ligand contents of didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide at room temperature. Adding benzoquinone (BQ) molecules leads to a decrease in the PL intensities and PL decay times in NCs. The electron transfer (ET) efficiency (ηET) increases with NC size in complexes of CsPbBr3 NCs and BQ molecules (NC-BQ complexes), when the same concentration of BQ is maintained, as investigated by transient photobleaching and photoluminescence spectroscopies. Controlling the same number of attached BQ acceptor molecules per NC induces the same ηET in NC-BQ complexes even though with different NC sizes. Our findings provide new insights into ultrafast charge transfer behaviors in perovskite NCs, which is important for designing efficient light energy conversion devices.

The Role of TcCYP6K1 and TcCYP9F2 Influences Trehalose Metabolism under High-CO2 Stress in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera).

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP), crucial detoxification enzymes in insects, are involved in the metabolism of endogenous substances as well as the activation and degradation of exogenous compounds. In this study, T. castaneum was utilized to investigate the roles of TcCYP6K1 and TcCYP9F2 genes influencing in the trehalose metabolism pathway under high-CO2 stress. By predicting the functional sequences of TcCYP6K1 and TcCYP9F2 genes and analyzing their spatiotemporal expression patterns, it was discovered that both genes belong to the CYP3 group and exhibit high expression levels during the larval stage, decreasing during the pupal stage, while showing high expression in the fatty body, intestine, and malpighian tubules. Furthermore, following the knockdown of TcCYP6K1 and TcCYP9F2 genes in combination with treating larvae with 75% CO2, it was observed that larval mortality increased, and glycogen content significantly decreased, while trehalose content increased significantly. Additionally, membrane-bound trehalase enzyme activity declined, TPS gene expression was significantly upregulated, GS gene expression was significantly downregulated, and ATP content showed a marked decrease. In conclusion, CYP genes are critical responsive genes of T. castaneum to high CO2 levels, potentially impacting the insect's resistance to carbon dioxide through their involvement in the synthesis or breakdown of the carbohydrate metabolism pathway. These findings could serve as a theoretical basis for the utilization of novel pesticides in low-oxygen grain storage techniques and offer new insights for environmentally friendly pest control strategies in grain storage.

Yeast peptides alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier damage in rabbits involving Toll-like receptor signaling pathway modulation and gut microbiota regulation.

Introduction: Yeast peptides have garnered attention as valuable nutritional modifiers due to their potential health benefits. However, the precise mechanisms underlying their effects remain elusive. This study aims to explore the potential of yeast peptides, when added to diets, to mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal damage and microbiota alterations in rabbits. Methods: A total of 160 35-day-old Hyla line rabbits (0.96 ± 0.06 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 groups. These groups constituted a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: basal diet (CON), 100 mg/kg yeast peptide diet (YP), LPS challenge + basal diet (LPS), LPS challenge +100 mg/kg yeast peptide diet (L-YP). The experiment spanned 35 days, encompassing a 7-day pre-feeding period and a 28-day formal trial. Results: The results indicated that yeast peptides mitigated the intestinal barrier damage induced by LPS, as evidenced by a significant reduction in serum Diamine oxidase and D-lactic acid levels in rabbits in the L-YP group compared to the LPS group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in the jejunum, the L-YP group exhibited a significantly higher villus height compared to the LPS group (p < 0.05). In comparison to the LPS group, the L-YP rabbits significantly upregulated the expression of Claudin-1, Occludin-1 and ZO-1 in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the YP group significantly reduced the levels of rabbit jejunal inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6) and decreased the relative mRNA expression of jejunal signaling pathway-associated inflammatory factors such as TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB and IL-1ß (p < 0.05). Additionally, notable changes in the hindgut also included the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of the YP group was significantly higher than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). 16S RNA sequencing revealed a substantial impact of yeast peptides on the composition of the cecal microbiota. Correlation analyses indicated potential associations of specific gut microbiota with jejunal inflammatory factors, tight junction proteins, and SCFA. Conclusion: In conclusion, yeast peptides have shown promise in mitigating LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage in rabbits through their anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of the gut microbiota, and maintenance of intestinal tight junctions.

G-T correcting: an improved training of image segmentation under noisy labels.

Data-driven medical image segmentation networks require expert annotations, which are hard to obtain. Non-expert annotations are often used instead, but these can be inaccurate (referred to as "noisy labels"), misleading the network's training and causing a decline in segmentation performance. In this study, we focus on improving the segmentation performance of neural networks when trained with noisy annotations. Specifically, we propose a two-stage framework named "G-T correcting," consisting of "G" stage for recognizing noisy labels and "T" stage for correcting noisy labels. In the "G" stage, a positive feedback method is proposed to automatically recognize noisy samples, using a Gaussian mixed model to classify clean and noisy labels through the per-sample loss histogram. In the "T" stage, a confident correcting strategy and early learning strategy are adopted to allow the segmentation network to receive productive guidance from noisy labels. Experiments on simulated and real-world noisy labels show that this method can achieve over 90% accuracy in recognizing noisy labels, and improve the network's DICE coefficient to 91%. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can enhance the segmentation performance of the network when trained with noisy labels, indicating good clinical application prospects.

The transmission line foreign body detection algorithm based on weighted spatial attention.

Introduction: The secure operation of electric power transmission lines is essential for the economy and society. However, external factors such as plastic film and kites can cause damage to the lines, potentially leading to power outages. Traditional detection methods are inefficient, and the accuracy of automated systems is limited in complex background environments. Methods: This paper introduces a Weighted Spatial Attention (WSA) network model to address the low accuracy in identifying extraneous materials within electrical transmission infrastructure due to background texture occlusion. Initially, in the model preprocessing stage, color space conversion, image enhancement, and improved Large Selective Kernel Network (LSKNet) technology are utilized to enhance the model's proficiency in detecting foreign objects in intricate surroundings. Subsequently, in the feature extraction stage, the model adopts the dynamic sparse BiLevel Spatial Attention Module (BSAM) structure proposed in this paper to accurately capture and identify the characteristic information of foreign objects in power lines. In the feature pyramid stage, by replacing the feature pyramid network structure and allocating reasonable weights to the Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN), the feature fusion results are optimized, ensuring that the semantic information of foreign objects in the power line output by the network is effectively identified and processed. Results: The experimental outcomes reveal that the test recognition accuracy of the proposed WSA model on the PL (power line) dataset has improved by three percentage points compared to that of the YOLOv8 model, reaching 97.6%. This enhancement demonstrates the WSA model's superior capability in detecting foreign objects on power lines, even in complex environmental backgrounds. Discussion: The integration of advanced image preprocessing techniques, the dynamic sparse BSAM structure, and the BiFPN has proven effective in improving detection accuracy and has the potential to transform the approach to monitoring and maintaining power transmission infrastructure.

Light signaling regulates root-knot nematode infection and development via HY5-SWEET signaling.

BACKGROUND: Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes and causes tremendous losses to the agricultural economy. Light is an important living factor for plants and pathogenic organisms, and sufficient light promotes root-knot nematode infection, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS: Expression level and genetic analyses revealed that the photoreceptor genes PHY, CRY, and PHOT have a negative impact on nematode infection. Interestingly, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a downstream gene involved in the regulation of light signaling, is associated with photoreceptor-mediated negative regulation of root-knot nematode resistance. ChIP and yeast one-hybrid assays supported that HY5 participates in plant-to-root-knot nematode responses by directly binding to the SWEET negative regulatory factors involved in root-knot nematode resistance. CONCLUSIONS: This study elucidates the important role of light signaling pathways in plant resistance to nematodes, providing a new perspective for RKN resistance research.

MiR398b Targets Superoxide Dismutase Genes in Soybean in Defense Against Heterodera glycines via Modulating ROS Homeostasis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in plant defense responses. However, the underlying mechanism by which miR398b contributes to soybean responses to soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) remains elusive. In this study, by using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of soybean hairy roots, we observed that miR398b and target genes GmCCS and GmCSD1b played vital functions in soybean-H. glycines interaction. The study revealed that the abundance of miR398b was down-regulated by H. glycines infection, and overexpression miR398b enhanced susceptibility of soybean to H. glycines. Conversely, silencing of miR398b improved soybean resistance to H. glycines. Detection assays revealed that miR398b rapidly senses stress-induced ROS, leading to the repression of target genes GmCCS and GmCSD1b, and regulating the accumulation of plant defense genes against nematodes infection. Moreover, exogenous synthetic ds-miR398b enhanced soybean sensitivity to H. glycines by modulating H2O2 and O2- levels. Functional analysis demonstrated that overexpression GmCCS and GmCSD1b in soybean enhanced resistance to H. glycines. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated repression of GmCCS and GmCSD1b in soybean increased susceptibility to H. glycines. RNA-sequencing revealed that a majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in overexpression GmCCS were associated with oxidative stress. Overall, the results indicate that miR398b targets superoxide dismutase genes, which negatively regulate soybean resistance to H. glycines via modulating ROS levels and defense signal.

Dual-Responsive Epigenetic Inhibitor Nanoprodrug Combined with Oncolytic Virus Synergistically Boost Cancer Immunotherapy by Igniting Gasdermin E-Mediated Pyroptosis.

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of various cancers. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) limits the efficacy of current immunotherapies. In this study, we designed a dual-responsive DNA methyltransferase inhibitor nanoprodrug ACNPs for combination therapy with oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV). We found that the epigenetic inhibitor 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza) upregulated gasdermin E (GSDME) expression at the gene level, whereas the oHSV decreased the ubiquitination and degradation of GSDME to elevate its levels. Based on these observations, we further discovered that ACNPs and oHSV synergistically enhanced GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. Additionally, the combination therapy of ACNPs and oHSV effectively inhibited tumor growth, remodeled the immunosuppressive TME, and improved the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. These results demonstrate the potential to overcome immunosuppression through synergistic combinations, offering a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy.

[Comparison of multi-type chemical compounds in fruits of Lycium and correlations between compounds and traits].

To comprehensively reveal and utilize the plant resources of Lycium in China, this study determined and compared the content of monosaccharides, polysaccharides, proteins, carotenoids, organic acids, and phenols in the dried fruits of 8 different Lycium species. Furthermore, the traits including the hundred-fruit weight, shape index, and the ratio of seed to fruit were measured, and the correlations between the content of chemical compounds and fruit traits were assessed. The results showed that L. truncatum, L. barbarum var. auranticarpum, and L. dasystemum var. rubricaulium were the species with high content of monosaccharides. L. barbarum and L. barbarum var. auranticarpum were the species with high content of total polysaccharides, and L. barbarum was the species with high content of carotenoids. L. yunnanense and L. chinense var. potaninii had high content of soluble proteins. L. truncatum, L. dasystemum, and L. barbarum showed high content of organic acids and phenols. L. barbarum and L. barbarum var. auranticarpum demonstrated high fruit weight, while L. yunnanense and L. chinense had high ratios of seed to fruit. The multivariate statistical analysis indicated that polysaccharides, carotenoids, hundred-fruit weight, ratio of seed to fruit, scopolamine, fructose, 5-O-feruloylquinic acid, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, scopoletin, cryptochlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid were the main differential compounds in the fruits among different species of Lycium. Moreover, the results of correlation ananysis showed strong correlations between fruit traits and compound content. Specifically, the hundred-fruit weight had positive correlations with the content of total polysaccharides and scopola-mine. The ratio of seed to fruit was negatively correlated with the content of rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, fructose, and glucose and positively correlated with the content of succinic acid, soluble proteins, and zeaxanthin. The results implied that chemical compounds presented different distribution patterns in the fruits of 8 Lycium species. This study provides a basis for the comprehensive development and utilization, targeted breeding, and value-added application of Lycium plants.

Small target detection algorithm based on multi-branch stacking and new sampling transition module.

Aiming at the problem that the SSD algorithm does not fully extract the feature information contained in each feature layer, as well as the feature information is easily lost during the sampling process, which makes the feature expression ineffective and leads to insufficient performance in small target detection. In this paper, AMT-SSD is proposed, a small target detection algorithm that incorporates the multi-branch stacking and new sampling transition module of the attention mechanism. In this algorithm, the composite attention mechanism is utilized to improve the correlation of features of the samples to be detected in terms of spatial and channels, and the efficiency of the algorithm; secondly, multi-branch stacking module is used to extract multi-size features for each feature layer, and different sizes of convolution kernels are utilized in parallel to fully extract their features and improve the expression of features; meanwhile, during the sampling process, the problem of missing features is solved by applying inverse subpixel convolution in the new sampling transition module. Experimentally, the AMT-SSD algorithm achieves 84.6% and 53.4% mAP metrics on the PASCAL VOC dataset and MS COCO dataset, respectively. This indicates that the AMT-SSD algorithm can effectively extract feature information that is beneficial to detection samples, and also performs well in reducing feature loss, which is effective for the algorithm to improve the algorithm on small targets.

Bone mineral density is not associated with incident high-intensity back pain: a 10-year cohort study in men.

Although patients believe that osteoporosis is a painful condition, health professionals assume it is painless unless a fracture occurs. The association between BMD and back pain has not been examined longitudinally in community-based adults in an unbiased population using gold-standard measures. This study aimed to examine the association between BMD and incident high-intensity back pain and/or high disability over 10 years in Australian men without high-intensity symptoms at baseline. Men with no high-intensity back pain and/or high disability attending the Geelong Osteoporosis Study at the 5-year visit (occurring between 2006-2010) (considered the baseline for the current study) were followed for 10 years (reassessed between 2016-2021). Back pain and disability were assessed using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale at both time points. At baseline, DXA was used to measure lumbar spine and total hip BMD and spinal artefacts. The relationships between BMD and incident high-intensity pain and/or high disability at follow-up were examined using binary logistic regression, adjusted for age, body mass index, depression, education, smoking, mobility, and spinal artefacts. A total of 679 participants had no to low-intensity pain and/or no to low disability at baseline. A total of 441 attended follow-up, providing back pain and disability data. Thirty-seven men developed high-intensity pain and/or high disability. No association of BMD at any site was seen with incident high-intensity pain and/or high disability. BMD was not associated with incident high-intensity pain or disability in community-based men. These data provide evidence to dispel the erroneous community-held belief that low BMD is related to back pain and disability.

Environmental exposure patterns to 94 current-use pesticides in women of reproductive age who are preparing for pregnancy.

Current-use pesticides (CUPs), including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, are extensively employed in agriculture to manage pests, diseases, and weeds. Nonetheless, their widespread application raises significant concerns regarding potential impacts on human health, particularly with reproductive health. This study focuses on exploring the landscape of CUP exposure among pre-pregnancy women. Based on a cohort study comprising 354 pre-pregnancy women of reproductive age in Beijing, China, we measured the concentrations of 94 CUPs in serum and conducted an in-depth analysis of exposure profiles, health risks, and contributing factors. The results revealed that the serum of pre-pregnancy women was contaminated with CUPs, of which the median concentrations ranged from 0.114 (fenamiphos-sulfone) to 61.2 ng/L (mefenacet). Among the 94 CUPs, 54 exhibited detection rates higher than 50 %, including 26 insecticides, 14 fungicides, and 14 herbicides. The exposure concentration profile highlighted that the insecticides contributed 56 % to the total CUP concentration percentages, with organophosphate insecticides being the primary contributors within this category (63.0 %). The average daily intake (ADI) of CUPs ranged from 2.23 to 16,432.28 ng/kg, while diflubenzuron had the highest ADI. Health risk assessments showed that exposure to a combination of total insecticides or herbicides poses a moderate risk for 15.8 % and 30.2 % of women, with mefenacet being the most significant, which showed moderate hazard in 29.4 % of participants. The overlap analysis showed that methiocarb-sulfone, diflubenzuron, and mefenacet were the dominant pesticides. In addition, maternal age, annual income level, smoking, and vitamin B12 supplementation were associated with serum CUP concentrations. Our study contributes a novel and comprehensive exposure profile of CUPs in pre-pregnancy women in northern China, providing valuable insights for evaluating the potential consequences of pre-pregnancy exposure on reproductive health. SYNOPSIS: We provided a comprehensive exposure landscape, health effects, and influential factors of 94 current-use pesticides among pre-pregnancy women in China.

Dysregulated Wnt/ß-catenin signaling confers resistance to cuproptosis in cancer cells.

Cuproptosis is characterized by the aggregation of lipoylated enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and subsequent loss of iron-sulfur cluster proteins as a unique copper-dependent form of regulated cell death. As dysregulation of copper homeostasis can induce cuproptosis, there is emerging interest in exploiting cuproptosis for cancer therapy. However, the molecular drivers of cancer cell evasion of cuproptosis were previously undefined. Here, we found that cuproptosis activates the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. Mechanistically, copper binds PDK1 and promotes its interaction with AKT, resulting in activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. Notably, aberrant activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling conferred resistance of CSCs to cuproptosis. Further studies showed the ß-catenin/TCF4 transcriptional complex directly binds the ATP7B promoter, inducing its expression. ATP7B effluxes copper ions, reducing intracellular copper and inhibiting cuproptosis. Knockdown of TCF4 or pharmacological Wnt/ß-catenin blockade increased the sensitivity of CSCs to elesclomol-Cu-induced cuproptosis. These findings reveal a link between copper homeostasis regulated by the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway and cuproptosis sensitivity, and suggest a precision medicine strategy for cancer treatment through selective cuproptosis induction.

Simultaneous grading diagnosis of liver fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis using multimodal quantitative ultrasound and artificial intelligence framework.

Noninvasive, accurate, and simultaneous grading of liver fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis is valuable for reversing the progression and improving the prognosis quality of chronic liver diseases (CLDs). In this study, we established an artificial intelligence framework for simultaneous grading diagnosis of these three pathological types through fusing multimodal tissue characterization parameters dug by quantitative ultrasound methods derived from ultrasound radiofrequency signals, B-mode images, shear wave elastography images, and clinical ultrasound systems, using the liver biopsy results as the classification criteria. One hundred forty-two patients diagnosed with CLD were enrolled in this study. The results show that for the classification of fibrosis grade ≥ F1, ≥ F2, ≥ F3, and F4, the highest AUCs were respectively 0.69, 0.82, 0.84, and 0.88 with single clinical indicator alone, and were 0.81, 0.83, 0.89, and 0.91 with the proposed method. For the classification of inflammation grade ≥ A2 and A3, the highest AUCs were respectively 0.66 and 0.76 with single clinical indicator alone and were 0.80 and 0.93 with the proposed method. For the classification of steatosis grade ≥ S1 and ≥ S2, the highest AUCs were respectively 0.71 and 0.90 with single clinical indicator alone and were 0.75 and 0.92 with the proposed method. The proposed method can effectively improve the grading diagnosis performance compared with the present clinical indicators and has potential applications for noninvasive, accurate, and simultaneous diagnosis of CLDs.

Alveolar Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Correlation of MRI Features With Histological Grading and Patient Prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare, aggressive cancer whose diagnosis and treatment depend on histological grading. However, tumor variability can lead to underestimation, affecting treatment, and patient survival. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate MRI features associated with Grade III ASPS and to determine the relationship between MRI features and patient prognosis. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective analysis. SUBJECTS: Sixty-seven patients with ASPS were included with 37 males and 30 females (M/F = 1.23) follow-up and survival analysis on 50 patients. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: A 3.0 T, T1WI-FSE, T2WI-FSE, DWI-EPI, DCE-MRI (gradient echo). ASSESSMENT: MRI features (margin, peritumoral oedema, peritumoral enhancement, necrosis, vascular flow void signal, heterogeneous signal intensity [SI] at T1WI and T2WI, ADCmean, time-intensity curve [TIC] type, distant metastasis, and bone invasion) and histological grading were independently evaluated by three radiologists and two pathologists, with Grade III considered high-grade. STATISTICAL TESTS: The chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used to assess the correlation between MRI features and histological grading. Multivariable binary logistic regression identified independent factors associated with high-grade tumors. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to calculate hazard ratios for MRI features. RESULTS: Tumor necrosis, heterogeneous SI at T2WI ≥50%, and ADCmean were associated with high-grade ASPS. Tumor necrosis was an independent factors associated with local relapse-free survival (odds ratio [OR], 3.88). TIC type was associated with 5-year survival rate (OR, 2.80) and local relapse-free survival (OR, 2.69). Heterogeneous SI at T2WI ≥50% was associated with 5-year survival (OR, 4.00), local relapse-free survival (OR, 5.58), and local relapse-free survival (OR, 4.84). DATA CONCLUSION: MRI features including tumor necrosis, heterogeneity of SI at T2WI, ADCmean, and TIC type aid in assessing ASPS grading and prognosis. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.

Optimal dispatching of regional power grid considering vehicle network interaction.

When large-scale electric vehicles are connected to the grid for unordered charging, it will seriously affect the stability and security of the power system. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a regional power network optimization scheduling method considering vehicle network interaction. Initially, based on the user behavior characteristics and charging and discharging characteristics of electric vehicles, a charging and discharging behavior model of electric vehicles was established. Based on the Monte Carlo sampling algorithm, the scheduling upper and lower limits of each scheduling cycle of electric vehicles were described, and the scheduling potential of each scheduling cycle of electric vehicles was obtained. Then, the electricity price is then used as an incentive parameter to guide EV users to charge during periods of low electricity prices and participate in discharge during periods of peak electricity prices. Aiming at the highest economic efficiency, the best consumption effect of new energy and the smoothest demand-side power curve of regional power grid, a three-objective optimal dispatching model was established. In the later stage, uncertainty factors are taken into consideration by introducing the concept of interval numbers, and an interval multi-objective optimization dispatching model is established. The two dispatching models are solved by NSGA-II algorithm and improved NSGA-II algorithm, and the Pareto solution set is obtained. Finally, based on the analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the optimal scheduling scheme is determined. The Monte Carlo sampling method is used to simulate the user side charging demand, and the effectiveness of this method is verified. In addition, the results of the interval multi-objective optimization model and the deterministic multi-objective optimization model are compared, and it is proved that the solution results of the interval multi-objective model are more adaptive, practical and robust to the uncertain factors.

Effect of ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with ringheaded thumb-tack needle stimulation on gastrointestinal reactions of malignant tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy. / éš”å§œç¸è”åˆæ¿é’ˆå¯¹æ¶æ€§è‚¿ç˜¤åŒ–ç–—æ‚£è€ èƒƒè‚ é“ååº”çš„å½±å“.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the efficacy and safety of ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with ringheaded thumb-tack needle stimulation in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with malignant tumors. METHODS: Patients with malignant tumors and suffering from chemotherapy were randomly divided into control group (35 cases, 4 cases dropped off) and observation group (35 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients of the control group were treated by orally taking ondansetron hydrochloride tablets 8 mg/time, 3 times a day for 3 d, and those of the observation group treated by ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with ringheaded thumb-tack needle stimulation of Zusanli(ST36), Neiguan(PC6), Tianshu(ST25), Zhongwan(CV12) and Guanyuan(CV4) once a day for a total of 3 d, based on the treatment of the control group. The patients' gastrointestinal reaction degree after the 1st , 2nd and the 3rd day of treatment were recorded. The Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score (0-100 points) was used for assessing the patients' quality of life. The TCM syndrome score (4 grades：no, mild, medium and severe, i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 6 points) was given according to the patients' severity of symptoms of spleen (stomach) qi deficiency (nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension after eating, belching, loss of appetite, weakness and laziness to speak, fatigue, and loose stool). The safety of the treatment was assessed by examining the patients' blood routine, liver function and kidney function, and the adverse reactions including blisters, allergies, burns and fainting during acupuncture treatment. RESULTS: After the 2nd and 3rd day of treatment, the patients conditions of vomiting and nausea in the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.05). The TCM syndrome score and KPS score were significantly decreased in comparison with those of pre-treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the TCM syndrome score was obviously lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups in the KPS score after the treatment , and in the levels of white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), platelets (PLT), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine(Cr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). CONCLUSIONS: The use of ginger-partitioned moxibustion combined with ringheaded thumb-tack needle stimulation is safe for CINV patients, and can effectively relieve nausea and vomiting and alleviate digestive symptoms.

Unraveling the signaling network between dysregulated microRNA and mRNA expression in sevoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity in rat.

Research has indicated that general anesthesia may cause neuroapoptosis and long-term cognitive dysfunction in developing animals, however, the precise mechanisms orchestrating these outcomes remain inadequately elucidated within scholarly discourse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sevoflurane on the hippocampus of developing rats by analyzing the changes in microRNA and mRNA and their interactions. Rats were exposed to sevoflurane for 4 h on their seventh day after birth, and the hippocampus was collected for analysis of neuroapoptosis by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. High-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze the variances in miRNA and mRNA expression levels, and the Morris water maze was employed to assess long-term memory in rats exposed to sevoflurane after 8 weeks. The results showed that sevoflurane exposure led to dysregulation of 5 miRNAs and 306 mRNAs in the hippocampus. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these dysregulated miRNA-mRNA target pairs were associated with pathological neurodevelopment and developmental disorders, such as regulation of axonogenesis, regulation of neuron projection development, regulation of neuron differentiation, transmission of nerve impulse, and neuronal cell body. Further analysis showed that these miRNAs formed potential network interactions with 44 mRNAs, and two important nodes were identified, miR-130b-5p and miR-449c-5p. Overall, this study suggests that the dysregulation of the miRNA-mRNA signaling network induced by sevoflurane may contribute to neurodevelopmental toxicity in the hippocampus of rats and be associated with long-term cognitive dysfunction.

Genes associated with cortical thickness alterations in behavioral addiction.

Behavioral addiction (BA) is a conceptually new addictive phenotype characterized by compulsive reward-seeking behaviors despite adverse consequences. Currently, its underlying neurogenetic mechanism remains unclear. Here, this study aimed to investigate the association between cortical thickness (CTh) and genetic phenotypes in BA. We conducted a systematic search in five databases and extracted gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Meta-analysis of 10 studies (343 addicted individuals and 355 controls) revealed that the BA group showed thinner CTh in the precuneus, postcentral gyrus, orbital-frontal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (P < 0.005). Meta-regression showed that the CTh in the precuneus and postcentral gyrus were negatively associated with the addiction severity (P < 0.0005). More importantly, the CTh phenotype of BA was spatially correlated with the expression of 12 genes (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05), and the dopamine D2 receptor had the highest correlation (rho = 0.55). Gene enrichment analysis further revealed that the 12 genes were involved in the biological processes of behavior regulation and response to stimulus (FDR < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings demonstrated the thinner CTh in cognitive control-related brain areas in BA, which could be associated with the expression of genes involving dopamine metabolism and behavior regulation.