Construction of phase-separated Co/MnO synergistic catalysts and integration onto sponge for rapid removal of multiple contaminants.

Wastewater treatment recycling is critical to ensure safe water supply or to overcome water shortage. Herein, we developed metallic Co integration onto MnO nanorods (MON) resulting in a phase-separated synergetic catalyst by creating more Mn(III) via the Jahn-Teller effect and oxygen vacancies and improving the redox capability of Co nanoparticles mediated by a thin carbon layer. Additionally, the N-doped surface carbon network on MON contributes to polar sites, facilitating the enrichment of contaminants around reactive sites, thereby shortening the migration of reactive oxidative species (ROS) toward contaminants. The optimized MnO@Co/C-600 exhibits superior PMS activation efficiency for bisphenol A degradation (0.463 min-1), displaying nearly a 20-fold enhancement in the rate constant compared to Mn3O4/C-600. Subsequent experiments involving variable modulation and extension were conducted to further elucidate the multiple synergistic effects. The mechanism study further confirms the synergy of ˙SO4-, ˙OH, ˙O2-, and 1O2, along with additional electron transfer pathways. The intermediates generated during degradation pathways and their toxicity to aquatic organisms were identified. Notably, a monolith integrated catalyst was explored by anchoring MnO@Co/C-600 onto a tailored melamine sponge based on Ca ion triggered crosslink tactic for the photothermal degradation of bisphenol A, tetracycline and norfloxacin, endowed with easy recovery and good stability. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the total organic carbon removal of multiple contaminants surpassed that of sole contaminants.

Unveiling the applications of membrane proteins from oil bodies: leading the way in artificial oil body technology and other biotechnological advancements.

Oil bodies (OBs) function as organelles that store lipids in plant seeds. An oil body (OB) is encased by a membrane composed of proteins (e.g., oleosins, caleosins, and steroleosins) and a phospholipid monolayer. The distinctive protein-phospholipid membrane architecture of OBs imparts exceptional stability even in extreme environments, thereby sparking increasing interest in their structure and properties. However, a comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationships determining the stability and properties of oil bodies requires a more profound exploration of the associated membrane proteins, an aspect that remains relatively unexplored. In this review, we aim to summarize and discuss the structural attributes, biological functions, and properties of OB membrane proteins. From a commercial perspective, an in-depth understanding of the structural and functional properties of OBs is important for the expansion of their applications by producing artificial oil bodies (AOB). Besides exploring their structural intricacies, we describe various methods that are used for purifying and isolating OB membrane proteins. These insights may provide a foundational framework for the practical utilization of OB membrane proteins in diverse applications within the realm of AOB technology, including biological and probiotic delivery, protein purification, enzyme immobilization, astringency detection, and antibody production.

Enhancing reductive C-N coupling of nitrocompounds through interfacial engineering of MoO2 in thin carbon layers.

In this study, we developed an approach by coating silica nanospheres with polydopamine and metal precursor, followed by carbonization to create interfacial engineered MoO2. The presence of numerous crystal interfaces and metal-carbon interactions resulted in a remarkable enhancement of C-N coupling activity and stability of catalyst compared to one obtained by air calcination.

Precision diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Early diagnosis of HCC remains the key to improve the prognosis. In recent years, with the promotion of the concept of precision medicine and more in-depth analysis of the biological mechanism underlying HCC, new diagnostic methods, including emerging serum markers, liquid biopsies, molecular diagnosis, and advances in imaging (novel contrast agents and radiomics), have emerged one after another. Herein, we reviewed and analyzed scientific advances in the early diagnosis of HCC and discussed their application and shortcomings. This review aimed to provide a reference for scientific research and clinical practice of HCC.

Structure, rheology, and functionality of emulsion-filled gels: Effect of various oil body concentrations and interfacial compositions.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of varied oil body (OB) concentrations and interfacial compositions on the network topology and rheological and functional aspects of composite whey protein isolate (WPI) gels. Particle size and ζ-potential analyzes of the mixed gel solutions containing the OBs extracted at pH 6.8 (6.8-OB) and 11.0 (11.0-OB) revealed a greater aggregation in the 6.8-OB-containing mixed gel solution. 6.8-OB and 11.0-OB generated particle aggregates and oil-drop-embedded network architectures in the WPI gel, respectively. FT-IR analyses showed that OBs stabilized the protein gels' polymeric matrix by hydrogen bonding, steric hindrance, and hydrophobic interactions. Rheology and texture showed that OBs hardened gels. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance showed that excessive inclusion of OBs (30% of 6.8-OB and 35% of 11.0-OB) compromised gel integrity and freeze-thaw stability. This study found that OBs can be active fillers in protein gels for functional meals.

Analysis of risk factors for lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors for lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: A retrospective analysis of 209 patients with PTC who underwent primary surgery at the Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University from November 2014 to November 2018 was performed. The patients were divided into the LLNM group and the non-LLNM group. The clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients were analysed. The risk factors for LLNM were analysed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The incidence of LLNM was 13.4% in PTC patients. Univariate analysis showed that the maximum diameter of the primary tumour > 2 cm (P < 0.001), bilateral primary tumour (P = 0.020), extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (P < 0.001), central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) (P < 0.001), and CLNM number ≥ 5 (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with LLNM. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum diameter of the primary tumour > 2 cm, ETE, and CLNM were independent risk factors for LLNM (OR values were 3.880, 5.202, and 4.474, respectively). There were 6 patients with skip lateral cervical lymph node metastasis, accounting for 21% of all LLNM patients. Conclusion: This study revealed several independent risk factors for predicting LLNM in PTC patients, such as the maximum diameter of the primary tumour > 2 cm, ETE and CLNM. Lateral neck dissection may be recommended in PTC patients with those risk factors. Paying attention to the occurrence of skip lateral cervical lymph node metastasis during the clinical diagnosis and treatment processes is necessary.

Clinical characteristics in unilateral cochlear nerve canal stenosis.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical features of patients with congenital hearing loss and unilateral cochlear nerve canal stenosis (CNCS). METHODS: A retrospective review of 12 patients with unilateral CNCS diagnosed between January 2018 and December 2019 at a tertiary referral hospital was performed. RESULTS: Of the 12 patients identified, there were 6 males and 6 females. All patients presented with hearing loss, with no other chief complaints. Two patients had accessory auricles. Eleven patients had a severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss on the affected side, while 1 patient had an isolated high-frequency hearing loss. Nine patients demonstrated atresia of the cochlear nerve canal (CNC), while three patients had a stenotic, but patent, CNC. CONCLUSION: Prompt radiologic diagnosis of patients with unilateral CNCS is important for patient counseling and appropriate rehabilitation.

TC2N: A Novel Vital Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene In Cancers.

Several C2 domain-containing proteins play key roles in tumorigenesis, signal transduction, and mediating protein-protein interactions. Tandem C2 domains nuclear protein (TC2N) is a tandem C2 domain-containing protein that is differentially expressed in several types of cancers and is closely associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Notably, TC2N has been identified as an oncogene in lung and gastric cancer but as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Recently, a large number of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), such as heat shock proteins, alpha-fetoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigen, have been identified in a variety of malignant tumors. Differences in the expression levels of TAAs between cancer cells and normal cells have led to these antigens being investigated as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as novel targets in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the clinical characteristics of TC2N-positive cancers and potential mechanisms of action of TC2N in the occurrence and development of specific cancers. This article provides an exploration of TC2N as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancers.

Cohesively Enhancing the Conductance, Mechanical Robustness, and Environmental Stability of Random Metallic Mesh Electrodes via Hot-Pressing-Induced In-Plane Configuration.

Flexible transparent conductive electrode (FTCE) is highly desirable due to the fast-growing flexible optoelectronic devices. Several promising FTCEs based on metal material have been developed to replace conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). The random metal mesh is considered to be one of the competitive candidates. However, obtaining feasible random metal mesh with low sheet resistance, high transparency, good mechanical durability, and strong environmental stability is still a great challenge. Here, a random metal mesh-based FTCE with an in-plane structure, achieved by a facile hot-pressing process, is demonstrated. The hot-pressing process enables the fabrication of highly conductive FTCE with improved mechanical robustness and environmental stability. The in-plane FTCE shows a low sheet resistance of 1.63 Ω·sq-1 with an 80.6% transmittance, low relative resistance increase (RRI) of 7.9% after 240 h 85 °C/85% RH test, and low RRI of 8.0% after 105 cycles of bending test. Besides, various applications of the in-plane FTCE were demonstrated, including the flexible heater, flexible touch screen, and flexible electroluminescence. We anticipate that these results will spark interest in in-plane random metal mesh electrodes and enable the application of random metal mesh in flexible optoelectronic devices.

CCTs as new biomarkers for the prognosis of head and neck squamous cancer.

The chaperonin-containing T-complex protein 1 (CCT) subunits participate in diverse diseases. However, little is known about their expression and prognostic values in human head and neck squamous cancer (HNSC). This article aims to evaluate the effects of CCT subunits regarding their prognostic values for HNSC. We mined the transcriptional and survival data of CCTs in HNSC patients from online databases. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed and a functional enrichment analysis of target genes was performed. We observed that the mRNA expression levels of CCT1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8 were higher in HNSC tissues than in normal tissues. Survival analysis revealed that the high mRNA transcriptional levels of CCT3/4/5/6/7/8 were associated with a low overall survival. The expression levels of CCT4/7 were correlated with advanced tumor stage. And the overexpression of CCT4 was associated with higher N stage of patients. Validation of CCTs' differential expression and prognostic values was achieved by the Human Protein Atlas and GEO datasets. Mechanistic exploration of CCT subunits by the functional enrichment analysis suggests that these genes may influence the HNSC prognosis by regulating PI3K-Akt and other pathways. This study implies that CCT3/4/6/7/8 are promising biomarkers for the prognosis of HNSC.

[MicroRNA-107 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting CACNA2D1].

Objective:To detect the expression of microRNA-107 （miR-107） and the calcium channel protein gene CACNA2D1 in laryngeal cancer tissues, to investigate the targeting relationship between miR-107 and CACNA2D1, and to analyze the effects of miR-107 on the proliferation, invasion and colony forming ability of laryngeal cancer cells. Method:Laryngeal cancer tissues and normal adjacent tissue samples from 40 patients with laryngeal cancer were collected, and qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-107 and CACNA2D1; Western Blot assay to detect the expression of α2δ1 in the above two tissues; the dual-luciferase reporter gene was used to detect the regulatory effect of miR-107 on CACNA2D1; after overexpression or knockdown of miR-107 in human laryngeal cancer cells TU212 and TU686, changes in the proliferation, clone formation, and invasion ability of laryngeal cancer cells were detected. Result:The expression of miR-107 in laryngeal cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues, while the expression of CACNA2D1 was just the opposite, the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）; the expression of α2δ1 in laryngeal cancer tissues is significantly higher than in normal tissues（P<0.05）; dual-luciferase reporter experiments confirmed that miR-107 binds to the 3'-UTR （202-209, 902-908） of the CACNA2D1 mRNA, thereby inhibiting the expression of CACNA2D1 and its biological effects; cell experiments showed that the proliferation, invasion, and clone formation of laryngeal cancer cells were significantly reduced after miR-107 overexpression （P<0.05）, and the cell proliferation, clone formation, and invasion were significantly enhanced after miR-107 was knocked down （P<0.05） . Conclusion:miR-107 inhibits the proliferation, clone formation, and invasion of laryngeal cancer cells by targeting CACNA2D1.

Design and application of submental island flap to reconstruct non-circumferential defect after hypopharyngeal carcinoma resection: a prospective study of 27 cases.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of reconstruction of hypopharyngeal non-circumferential defects with a submental island flap after ablation of hypopharyngeal carcinoma. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to identify advantages and limitations of the submental flap for reconstruction of non-circumferential hypopharyngeal defects. METHODS: A total of 27 patients who had stage II-IV hypopharyngeal cancer and underwent pharyngeal reconstruction with a submental flap by the senior author in both Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. RESULTS: 96.3% (26/27) cases of submental island flap survived. There were two pharyngocutaneous fistulas, one recovered spontaneously, and the other was associated with flap necrosis, underwent neck debridement and flap removal. All except for one patient had decannulation of their nasogastric tube 2 weeks postoperatively. There was no evidence of a stricture or stenosis of the laryngopharynx, nor any sign of aspiration, except for one with esophageal inlet stricture caused by radiotherapy. There were two cases of obvious paraesthesia pharynges due to beard growth at the submental flap after reconstruction. 63.0% (17/27) patients are alive and 37% (10/27) have died of disease. The 3-year survival rate is 56.3% and the 5-year survival rate is 50.0%. CONCLUSION: The submental flap reconstruction for moderately sized non-circumferential hypopharyngeal defects is a recommended treatment option.

Overexpression of circRNA_100290 promotes the progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through the miR-136-5p/RAP2C axis.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert critical functions in tumorigenesis and tumor development, but whether and how circRNAs contribute to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is unclear. In this study, we explored the function and mechanisms of circRNA_100290 in LSCC. Tissue samples were obtained from 40 patients with LSCC. The expression of circRNA_100290 and other targets was measured through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation, colony-forming ability, and apoptosis were tested using CCK-8 assay and EdU assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. Moreover, the interactions between circRNA_100290, miR-136-5p, and RAP2C were analyzed by bioinformatics, and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Here, we found that circRNA_100290 expression was significantly upregulated in LSCC tissues and cell lines compared with the normal controls. Expression of circRNA_100290 positively correlated with advanced TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in LSCC patients. In cell culture, upregulation of circRNA_100290 promoted LSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while it inhibited cell apoptosis; downregulating circRNA_100290 exerted the opposite effects. In vivo, circRNA_100290 overexpression dramatically promoted tumor growth. Mechanistically, circRNA_100290 may act as a sponge of miR-136-5p, and inhibiting miR-136-5p in LSCC cells indeed reversed the effects of circRNA_100290 downregulation. The RAS oncogene RAP2C was predicted to be a target of miR-136-5p, and downregulating RAP2C in LSCC cells partially reversed the oncogenic effects of circRNA_100290 overexpression or miR-136-5p decrease. Our findings suggest that circRNA_100290 promotes LSCC progression by targeting the miR-136-5p/RAP2C axis, which may lead to the identification of potential therapeutic targets.

MicroRNA-107 inhibits proliferation and invasion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting CACNA2D1 in vitro.

Our previous studies have confirmed that α2δ1 has the potential to function as a cancer stem cell marker, and CACNA2D1 is the coding gene of α2δ1. But it is unclear how microRNAs regulate the expression of the CACNA2D1 gene in laryngeal cancer cells. We detected the expressions of α2δ1 protein, microRNA-107, and CACNA2D1 in 40 pairs of laryngeal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells, TU212 and TU686, were cultured and transfected in the blank control group, the agomiR negative control group, the agomiR-107 group, the antagomiR negative control group, or the antagomiR-107 group, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to assess the regulatory effect of microRNA-107 on CACNA2D1. Then, the effects of microRNA-107 on the biological function of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells were detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot, MTT, cell migration/invasion assay, and cell colony-formation assay. Our data suggested that the protein level of α2δ1, encoded by CACNA2D1, in laryngeal carcinoma tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues, while the expression of microRNA-107 was significantly decreased in laryngeal carcinoma tissues. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that microRNA-107 bound to the 3'-UTR two positions (202-209, 902-908) of CACNA2D1 mRNA. Moreover, the expression of CACNA2D1 and α2δ1 protein were significantly decreased in TU212 and TU686 cells transfected with microRNA-107 expression vectors (P < 0.05), and proliferation, clone formation, migration, and invasion of these cells were also reduced. Furthermore, after knocking down microRNA-107, exactly opposite results were obtained. Overexpression of microRNA-107 can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of laryngeal carcinoma cells in vitro.

Flexible and Transparent Ferroferric Oxide-Modified Silver Nanowire Film for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.

Transparent and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding film is highly desirable due to the fast-growing flexible electronics. A silver nanowire (Ag NW) film is considered to be an ideal candidate for a transparent and flexible EMI shielding film but suffers low EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) at high transparency and poor bending durability. Herein, we introduce ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) into a Ag NW film and demonstrate a robust EMI shielding film, which exhibits SE of 24.9 dB at 8.2 GHz and optical transparency of 90%. Fe3O4 exhibits roles of the improved absorption loss for electromagnetic radiation due to its high permeability, the enhanced reflection loss for electromagnetic radiation by increasing the conductivity of Ag NWs film, and the improved stability for the enhanced adhesion of the Ag NW EMI shielding film. Our work provides a facile method for high-performance transparent EMI shielding film, which exhibits great potential for protection for electronic devices.

α2δ1 may be a potential marker for cancer stem cell in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the ability to dictate tumor initiation, recurrence, and metastasis. Here, we examined the expression of aα2δ1+ in laryngeal cancer tissues and further determined the effect of α2δ1 on the migratory ability and tumorigenicity of laryngeal cancer cells. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that α2δ1 was positive in 13 (13/16, 81.25%) cases in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues, 7 (7/16, 43.75%) cases in paracancerous tissues and only 2 (2/16, 12.5%) cases in normal tumor tissues. Our quantitative RT-PCR assays further showed that α2δ1+ LSCC cells expressed significantly higher levels of stem cell-associated genes and drug efflux and resistance genes versusα2δ1- cells. Sphere-forming assays demonstrated higher sphere-forming efficiency in the α2δ1+versusα2δ1- subpopulation. Our Matrigel assays showed that α2δ1+ cells exhibited significantly greater invasive and migratory ability than α2δ1- cells. Furthermore, the percentage of purified α2δ1+ in TU686 and TU212 cells treated cisplatin or paclitaxel was significantly higher than that of the control group. Tumor xenograft assays revealed that the tumorigenicity of α2δ1+ cells was much higher than α2δ1- cells. In conclusion, a α2δ1+ subpopulation with CSC-like property was present in laryngeal cancer and possessed high self-renewal activity and was sufficient for tumor growth, differentiation, migration, invasion, and chemotherapeutic resistance. They could represent a promising therapeutic target for LSCC.

Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T-cell therapy for liver cancer.

BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a newly developed immunotherapy used in the treatment of cancers. Because CAR-T therapy has shown great success in treating CD19-positive hematological malignancies, its application has been explored in the treatment of solid tumors, such as liver cancer. In this review, we discuss the immune characteristics of liver cancer, the obstacles encountered during the application of CAR-T therapy, and preclinical and clinical progress in the use of CAR-T therapy in patients with liver cancer. DATA SOURCES: The data on CAR-T therapy related to liver cancers were collected by searching PubMed and the Web of Science databases prior to December 2017 with the keywords "chimeric antigen receptor", "CAR-T", "liver cancer", "hepatocellular carcinoma", and "solid tumor". Additional articles were identified by manual search of references found in the primary articles. The data for clinical trials were collected by searching ClinicalTrials.gov. RESULTS: The liver has a tolerogenic nature in the intrahepatic milieu and its tumor microenvironment significantly affects tumor progression. The obstacles that reduce the efficacy of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors include a lack of specific tumor antigens, limited trafficking and penetration of CAR-T cells to tumor sites, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To overcome these obstacles, several strategies have emerged. In addition, several strategies have been developed to manage the side effects of CAR-T, including enhancing the selectivity of CARs and controlling CAR-T activity. To date, no clinical trials of CAR-T therapy against HCC have been completed. However, preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo have shown potent antitumor efficacy. Glypican-3, mucin-1, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, carcinoembryonic antigen, and other targets are currently being studied. CONCLUSIONS: The application of CAR-T therapy for liver cancer is just beginning to be explored and more research is needed. However, we are optimistic that CAR-T therapy will offer a new approach for the treatment of liver cancers in the future.

RNA-Seq profiling of circular RNAs in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Abnormal expression of non-coding circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported in many types of tumors. circRNA have been suggested to be an ideal candidate biomarker for diagnostic and therapeutic implications in cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the circRNA expression profile of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC). The biopsy samples from patients with LSCC were obtained intra-operatively. The circRNA expression was performed using secondary sequencing. Among 10 patients with LSCC, 2 were well differentiated, 3 were moderately differentiated and 5 were adjunctive samples with normal and LSCC tissues. A total of 21,444 distinct circRNA candidates were detected. Among them, we defined the statistical criteria for selecting aberrant-expressed circRNA using a q-value of < 0.001 with a fold change of > 2.0 or < 0.5. A total of 29 circRNA were upregulated and 19 circRNA were downregulated significantly in the LSCC tissues. The intersection of these dysregulated circRNAs of normal-well differentiated set and normal-moderately differentiated set was then assessed to narrow the upregulated and downregulated circRNAs down to 18 and 5 respectively. Furthermore, an association of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA was investigated, showing that 20 dysregulated circRNA successfully predicted an interaction with several cancer-related miRNAs. Finally, a further KEGG analysis showed that PPAR, Axon guidance, Wnt and Cell cycle signaling pathway were key putative pathways in the process of LSCC. hsa_circ:chr20:31876585-31,897,648 was found to be able to differentiate most of LSCC from the matching normal tissues. This observational study demonstrated dysregulation of circRNA in LSCC, which may have an impact on development of potential biomarkers in this disease. Validation of down-regulation of hsa_circ:chr20:31876585-31,897,648 in LSCC compared to each adjunctive tissue by Q-RT-PCR, indicating that hsa_circ:chr20:31876585-31,897,648 may be a novel promising tumor suppresser in LSCC.

Characteristics of electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses in patients with cochlear nerve canal stenosis receiving cochlear implants.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of the electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABR) in children with cochlear nerve canal stenosis (CNCs) following cochlear implantation (CI), and the EABR thresholds in children with stenotic versus normal cochlear nerve canals. METHOD: Sixteen children with profound sensorineural hearing loss were included in this study: 8 with CNCs (CNCs group) and 8 with normal cochlear nerve canals (control group). All children underwent cochlear implantation with full insertion of all electrodes. EABR was performed 6 months postoperatively in both groups. RESULTS: The EABR extraction rate was 100% in children with normal cochlear nerve canals and only 50% in children with CNCs. EABR thresholds were significantly higher in children with CNCs of electrodes No. 11and 22 than in children with normal cochlear nerve canals (P < 0.05 for both comparisons). There was no significant difference in EABR thresholds among electrode No. 1, 11 and 22 in CNCs group (P > 0.05 for all comparisons); while in the control group, the EABR threshold at electrode No 22 was lower than those at both electrodes No. 11 and 1 (P < 0.05 for both comparisons), and the EABR threshold at electrode No. 11 was also lower than that at electrode No. 1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The EABR thresholds in children with normal cochlear nerve canals vary according to the different locations of electrodes in the cochlea; while in children with CNCs, there was no significant difference among different electrode locations. The EABR thresholds in CNCs children were higher than those of children with normal cochlear nerve canals at electrode 11 and 22.