Interlayer Biatomic Pair Bridging the van der Waals Gap for 100% Activation of 2D Layered Material.

2D layered materials are regarded as prospective catalyst candidates due to their advantageous atomic exposure ratio. Nevertheless, the predominant population of atoms residing on the basal plane with saturated coordination, exhibit inert behavior, while a mere fraction of atoms located at the periphery display reactivity. Here, a novel approach is reported to attain complete atom activation in 2D layered materials through the construction of an interlayer biatomic pair bridge. The atoms in question have been strategically optimized to achieve a highly favorable state for the adsorption of intermediates. This optimization results from the introduction of new gap states around the Fermi level. Moreover, the presence of the interlayer bridge facilitates the electron transfer across the van der Waals gap, thereby enhancing the reaction kinetics. The hydrogen evolution reaction exhibits an impressive ultrahigh current density of 2000 mA cm-2 at 397 mV, surpassing the pristine MoS2 by approximately two orders of magnitude (26 mA cm-2 at 397 mV). This study provides new insights for enhancing the efficacy of 2D layered catalysts.

IgA nephropathy with podocytic infolding glomerulopathy.

(A) Immunofluorescence staining showed moderate immunoglobulin A depositions in the mesangial areas (++) of glomeruli (Bars = 100 µm). (B) Segmentally mild mesangial proliferation and mesangial matrix expansion (arrowhead) with mild thickening of glomerular capillary walls (PAS, ×400).

Efficient sequencing data compression and FPGA acceleration based on a two-step framework.

With the increasing throughput of modern sequencing instruments, the cost of storing and transmitting sequencing data has also increased dramatically. Although many tools have been developed to compress sequencing data, there is still a need to develop a compressor with a higher compression ratio. We present a two-step framework for compressing sequencing data in this paper. The first step is to repack original data into a binary stream, while the second step is to compress the stream with a LZMA encoder. We develop a new strategy to encode the original file into a LZMA highly compressed stream. In addition an FPGA-accelerated of LZMA was implemented to speedup the second step. As a demonstration, we present repaq as a lossless non-reference compressor of FASTQ format files. We introduced a multifile redundancy elimination method, which is very useful for compressing paired-end sequencing data. According to our test results, the compression ratio of repaq is much higher than other FASTQ compressors. For some deep sequencing data, the compression ratio of repaq can be higher than 25, almost four times of Gzip. The framework presented in this paper can also be applied to develop new tools for compressing other sequencing data. The open-source code of repaq is available at: https://github.com/OpenGene/repaq.

Identification of two novel SALL1 mutations in chinese families with townes-brocks syndrome and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Townes-Brocks syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic syndrome caused by mutations in SALL1. The clinical features of Townes-Brocks syndrome are highly heterogonous. Identification of new SALL1 mutations and study of the relation between SALL1 mutations and clinical features can facilitate diagnosis of Townes-Brocks syndrome. METHODS: We collected clinical data and blood samples of the two patients and their family members for whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Prediction analysis of the SALL1variation protein structure was achieved using Alphafold. The clinical materials and gene sequencing results were analyzed. The clinical materials and gene sequencing results were analyzed. The related literature of Townes-Brocks syndrome were searched and the genotype-renal phenotype analysis was performed combined with this two cases. RESULTS: Based on the clinical features and gene sequencing results, the two patients were diagnosed as Townes-Brocks syndrome. Two novel SALL1 mutations (c.878-887del and c.1240G > T) were identified, both of which were pathogenic mutations. The correlation between genotypes and renal phenotypes in Townes-Brocks syndrome patients caused by SALL1 mutation were summarized. CONCLUSION: This study identified two novel mutations and provided new insights into the correlation of genotypes and renal phenotypes of Townes-Brocks syndrome.

A Monolayer High-Entropy Layered Hydroxide Frame for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

High-entropy materials with tailored geometric and elemental compositions provide a guideline for designing advanced electrocatalysts. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are the most efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst. However, due to the huge difference in ionic solubility product, an extremely strong alkali environment is necessary to prepare high-entropy layered hydroxides (HELHs), which results in an uncontrollable structure, poor stability, and scarce active sites. Here, a universal synthesis of monolayer HELH frame in a mild environment is presented, regardless of the solubility product limit. Mild reaction conditions allow this study to precisely control the fine structure and elemental composition of the final product. Consequently, the surface area of the HELHs is up to 380.5 m2  g-1 . The current density of 100 mA cm-2 is achieved in 1 m KOH at an overpotential of 259 mV, and, after 1000 h operation at the current density of 20 mA cm-2 , the catalytic performance shows no obvious deterioration. The high-entropy engineering and fine nanostructure control open opportunities to solve the problems of low intrinsic activity, very few active sites, instability, and low conductance during OER for LDH catalysts.

The synthesis and characterization of 1 1 1 1 type diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor (La(1-x)Ca(x))(Zn(1-x) Mn(x))AsO.

We report the synthesis and characterization of a bulk form diluted magnetic semiconductor, (La(1-x)Ca(x))(Zn(1-y) Mn(y))AsO, with a layered crystal structure isostructural to that of the 1 1 1 1 type Fe-based high-temperature superconductor LaFeAsO and the antiferromagnetic LaMnAsO. With Ca and Mn codoping into LaZnAsO, the ferromagnetic ordering occurs below the Curie temperature T(c) ∼30 K. Taking advantage of the decoupled charge and spin doping, we investigate the influence of carrier concentration on the ferromagnetic ordering state. For a fixed Mn concentration of 10%, T(c) increases from 24 K to 30 K when the Ca concentration increases from 5% to 10%. Further increase of Ca concentration reduces both the coercive field and saturation moment. Muon spin relaxation measurements confirm the ferromagnetically ordered state, and clearly demonstrate that La(1-x)Ca(x))(Zn(1-y) Mn(y))AsO shares a common mechanism for the ferromagnetic exchange interaction with (Ga,Mn)As. Neutron scattering measurements show no structural transition in (La(0.90)Ca(0.10))(Zn(0.90)Mn(0.10)) AsO below 300 K.