RESUMO
Primers were designed and prepared and conditions were determined for PCR detection and differentiation of enterotoxigenic E. coli bacterial strains isolated from diarrheic pigs. Primers K88/1 and K88/2 are 25 bp oligomers that correspond to a region of genes encoding one of serological variants of the K88 antigen (K88ab(1), K88ab(2), K88ac or K88ad). A positive result of PCR is an amplificate of 792 bp in size for K88ab and K88ad variant or 786 bp for K88ac variant. The individual serological variants of genes of the K88 antigen could be differentiated by cutting the obtained PCR amplificates by restriction endonucleases. The PCR analysis of 674 E. coli strains isolated from diarrheic pigs showed that 184 strains were K88 positive. By using restriction endonucleases the K88-positive strains were in 4 cases classified as K88ab variant, 180 as K88ac variant and none contained gene for the K88ad variant. Ninety-five % coincidence with serological examination using K88ab, K88ac and K88ad specific antibodies was shown.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/análise , Antígenos de Bactérias/classificação , Diarreia/veterinária , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/análise , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/classificação , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Fímbrias/análise , Proteínas de Fímbrias/classificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Primers do DNA , Enzimas de Restrição do DNA/metabolismo , Diarreia/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/classificação , Escherichia coli/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Fímbrias/genética , Variação Genética , Eslováquia , SuínosRESUMO
The levels of anti-Candida antibodies were determined in experimental animals immunized with 4 different yeast doses (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 x 10(8) CFU) at weekly intervals. After immunization (sampling intervals 1, 2, and 3 months), the intravenous blood was examined for the presence of serum anti-Candida antibodies. After one month, the titers of anti-Candida antibodies reached 1:40-1: 1280 and remained at the same level after two months in the majority of animals; only in a few of them the titers increased or were detected de novo. After three months, when the animals were no longer immunized, a decreasing trend in antibody titers was detected in the majority of animals.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antifúngicos/sangue , Antígenos de Fungos/imunologia , Candida albicans/imunologia , Testes de Aglutinação , Animais , Feminino , Imunização , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Mycological investigation of 108 nail specimens taken from a total of 41 patients examined over three years included direct microscopy and repeated cultures. A higher incidence of onychomycosis of the fingernails (75%) was observed in women while afflictions of the toenails (71%) prevailed in men. The highest prevalence of onychomycosis was found in patients between 50 and 70 years of age. Candida albicans was the dominant organism causing onychomycosis (prevalence rate 60.9%), followed by C. parapsilosis (19.6%), C. tropicalis (9.8), C. krusei (4.9), C. guilliermondii and C. zeylanoides (2.4% each).