RESUMO
Background and aim Catamenial epilepsy is the type of seizures during the reproductive phase of menstruation due to hormonal changes during the different phases of menstruation. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of epileptic seizures in women during the menstruation cycle and its management. Material and methods This study was conducted at the neurology department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan. The study's duration was six months, from the 22nd of January 2020 to the 22nd of July 2020. The sample size for catamenial epilepsy in female epileptic patients of reproductive age was 78%. After approval by the ethical committee of JPMC, data collection started. Data was collected and analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22; IBM Inc., Armonk, USA). Mean, and the standard deviation was calculated for age, duration of epilepsy, duration of antiepileptic, and antiepileptic drug. A Chi-square test was applied, and p≤0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Results A total of 184 female patients of reproductive age were selected for this study. The mean duration of epilepsy was 15.96 ± 8.85 months. The mean duration of antiepileptic drugs was 11.16 ± 7.53 months. In 73 patients (39.7%), EEG showed increased seizure activity during particular phases of the menstrual cycle. Catamenial epilepsy was seen in 73 patients (39.7%). The stratification according to age, duration of epilepsy, duration of antiepileptic drugs, the antiepileptic drug was done to observe the effect of these modifiers on catamenial epilepsy. Conclusion Catamenial epilepsy is relatively common epilepsy. The physician should evaluate patients when the seizures are refractory to the treatment. The females should manage a seizure diary, which will be beneficial in the management of epilepsy. In women with epilepsy, catamenial epilepsy should be considered in the diagnosis when the seizures are refractory to optimal treatment.
RESUMO
The study was conducted to formulate and assess a novel polypill comprising of atorvastatin calci- um (ATVC), clopidogrel bisulfate (CLB) and aspirin (ASP) which, after in vivo correlation, can be intended for use in hyperlipidemic chronic heart disease patients. Polypill was made by the compression coating technique (CCT) with multiple active ingredients along with different concentrations of mucoadhesive and sustained release polymers, i.e., Carbopol 934 (CAB), Methocel k15 (MTH) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC). The effect of different concentration of polymers on physical properties, wash off time, mucoadhe- sion strength, swelling behavior, surface pH and drug release kinetics were investigated. In vitro drug release studies showed that combination of CAB-NaCMC (1 : 1) retarded drug release up to 96.7 ± 1.15%, while com- bination of CAB-MTH and MTH-NaCMC retarded drug release up to 81.9 ± 1.5% and 101.4 ± 1.3%, respec- tively, at the same polymer concentration. Core enteric coated tablet of ATVC (K 11) was compressed over with CLB and ASP granules with the help of CCT and produced the desired results with zero order release rate thus indicating successful formulation of proposed polypill.
