A Consistent BGK Model with Velocity-Dependent Collision Frequency for Gas Mixtures.

We derive a multi-species BGK model with velocity-dependent collision frequency for a non-reactive, multi-component gas mixture. The model is derived by minimizing a weighted entropy under the constraint that the number of particles of each species, total momentum, and total energy are conserved. We prove that this minimization problem admits a unique solution for very general collision frequencies. Moreover, we prove that the model satisfies an H-Theorem and characterize the form of equilibrium.

DNA typing of azoospermic semen at the D1S80 locus.

The examination of azoospermic semen poses a special problem for the forensic scientist. Both serologic and RFLP methods may result in inconclusive results. PCR analysis is known to have an advantage in the evaluation of variably degraded, small quantities of DNA. This investigation addresses the feasibility of detecting the DNA profiles of azoospermic males in cases of suspected rape by the use of PCR amplification of the VNTR locus DIS80. DNA profiles were produced from aspermic semen samples from six vasectomized males. Two mixed postcoital vaginal samples containing azoospermic semen from two of the vasectomized males were also obtained and both revealed the combined profiles of the azoospermic semen donors and the vaginal epithelial donors. All cases resulted in an allelic banding pattern of the donor semen matching the respective blood/saliva standard.

Five-day continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil and pulsed folinic acid in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma: an effective second-line regimen.

OBJECTIVE: A previous phase I trial in 14 pretreated patients with progressive advanced colorectal cancer demonstrated 750 mg/m2 to be the maximum tolerable dose of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administered as a five-day continuous infusion modulated by short infusions of 100 mg/m2 folinic acid twice daily. The dose-limiting toxicities were hand-foot syndrome and severe mucositis. A response rate of 21% and 50% stable disease could be achieved. In order to determine the effectiveness and tolerability, we initiated a multicenter phase II trial applying a 650 mg/m2 recommended dose of 5-FU and 100 mg/m2 folinic acid twice daily every three weeks. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1994 to July 1996, 88 advanced and progressive colorectal cancer patients either previously treated with a bolus schedule of 5-FU and folinic acid (34 patients) or without (54 patients) previous chemotherapy were included in this trial. RESULTS: In the group of previously treated patients, therapy led to 6% (2 of 34 patients) remissions while stable disease could be observed in 68% (23 of 34 patients) of the patients. The median survival time was 14 months. The main toxicity was mucositis grade 3 in 15% of the previously treated patients and 10% in the nonpretreated patients. In the population of nonpretreated patients, the overall response rate was 15% (eight of 54 patients) and stable disease could be induced in 67% (36 of 54 patients). The median survival time was 13.7 months. CONCLUSION: This regimen is an active second-line therapy in advanced colorectal cancer with minimal toxicity, thus preserving the quality of life during palliative chemotherapy. Antitumor activity in previously untreated patients does not seem superior to that obtained with weekly regimens applying 24- or 48-hour continuous infusions of 5-FU and folinic acid.