RESUMO
Maintaining physical and mental health of older people is one of the important issues to be addressed in the aging society. Social capital, defined as the resources available to members of social groups, has recently attracted attention as a factor influencing public health. Most of the previous studies targeted various communities having different aging rates or population densities at once to examine the associations of social capital and health outcomes. However, the results of those studies are not always consistent. Moreover, because few studies have targeted a particular advanced aging society, associations of social capital and health at such societies have remained unknown. This study examined how social capital associates with health at a particular city having a very high aging rate and low population density. We targeted Iwamizawa city, Hokkaido, Japan, which is one of the most advanced aging areas, with an aging rate of 36.6% and a population density of 165/km2. We analyzed self-administered questionnaire data obtained from "HELLO (HEalth, Lifestyle, and LOcal community of Iwamizawa citizen) Study" in 2018. The sample comprised 1237 individuals aged 65 and older. Following previous studies, we regarded three items-social cohesion, reciprocity, and civic participation-as social capital indices, and targeted two health outcomes: self-rated health (SRH) and degree of depression. Multilevel Poisson regression analyses were used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs). We found that at the individual-level, the PR (95% confidence interval) of having poor SRH among those with more civic participation was 0.81 (0.71-0.93), and that of being depressed among those with more social cohesion was 0.32 (0.21-0.51), even after adjusting for compositional factors. We also found that the community-level civic participation significantly correlated with aging rate. Our findings indicate that social capital positively associates with older people's health at the advanced aging city.
RESUMO
Recent progress with wearable sensors has enabled researchers to capture face-to-face interactions quantitatively and given great insight into human dynamics. One attractive field for applying such sensors is the workplace, where the relationship between the face-to-face behaviors of employees and the productivity of the organization has been investigated. One interesting result of previous studies showed that informal face-to-face interaction among employees, captured by wearable sensors that the employees wore, significantly affects their performance. However, the mechanism behind this relationship has not yet been adequately explained, though experiences at the job scene might qualitatively support the finding. We hypothesized that informal face-to-face interaction improves mood state, which in turn affects the task performance. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the change of mood state before and after break time for two groups of participants, one that spent their breaks alone and one that spent them with other participants, by administering questionnaires and taking brain activity measurements. Recent neuroimaging studies have suggested a significant relationship between mood state and brain activity. Here, we show that face-to-face interaction during breaks significantly improved mood state, which was measured by Profiles of Mood States (POMS). We also observed that the verbal working memory (WM) task performance of participants who did not have face-to-face interaction during breaks decreased significantly. In this paper, we discuss how the change of mood state was evidenced in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity accompanied by WM tasks measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
RESUMO
Quantitative analyses of human-generated data collected in various fields have uncovered many patterns of complex human behaviors. However, thus far the quantitative evaluation of the relationship between the physical behaviors of employees and their performance has been inadequate. Here, we present findings demonstrating the significant relationship between the physical behaviors of employees and their performance via experiments we conducted in inbound call centers while the employees wore sensor badges. There were two main findings. First, we found that face-to-face interaction among telecommunicators and the frequency of their bodily movements caused by the face-to-face interaction had a significant correlation with the entire call center performance, which we measured as "Calls per Hour." Second, our trial to activate face-to-face interaction on the basis of data collected by the wearable sensor badges the employees wore significantly increased their performance. These results demonstrate quantitatively that human-human interaction in the physical world plays an important role in team performance.
Assuntos
Comunicação , Desempenho Profissional , Humanos , Movimento , Organização e Administração , TelecomunicaçõesRESUMO
We study the nature of workplace stress from the aspect of human-human interactions. We investigated the distribution of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale scores, a measure of the degree of stress, in workplaces. We found that the degree of stress people experience when around other highly stressed people tends to be low, and vice versa. A simulation based on a model describing microlevel human-human interaction reproduced this observed phenomena and revealed that the energy state of a face-to-face communication network correlates with workplace stress macroscopically.
Assuntos
Imãs , Estresse Psicológico , Local de Trabalho , Humanos , Método de Monte CarloAssuntos
Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/complicações , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/patologia , Pâncreas/patologia , Pancreatite/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Biópsia por Agulha , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Pancreatite/diagnóstico por imagem , Pancreatite/patologia , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Vincristina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
We report a case of a severe infusion reaction caused by trastuzumab. A 59-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer was treated with trastuzumab. During the first infusion, initial symptoms such as severe headache and general fatigue developed. Blood pressure fell 90 minutes after these initial symptoms. A collapsed lung was demonstrated by chest X-ray and computed tomography. Steroid therapy was successfully used for these reactions. Careful monitoring of vital signs, examination of the respiratory system, and the use of steroids are recommended for severe infusion reaction.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia/induzido quimicamente , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Anafilaxia/tratamento farmacológico , Anafilaxia/imunologia , Anafilaxia/terapia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atelectasia Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Atelectasia Pulmonar/imunologia , Esteroides , Trastuzumab , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Linfoma não Hodgkin/complicações , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/etiologia , Doenças do Nervo Trigêmeo/etiologia , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo/etiologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/radioterapia , Indução de Remissão , Osso Esfenoide , Doenças do Nervo Trigêmeo/diagnóstico , Doenças do Nervo Trigêmeo/radioterapia , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo/diagnóstico , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo/radioterapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Attachment of leukemic cells to vascular endothelial cells induces the vascular endothelial cells to release endothelial cell-derived interleukin 8 (endothelial IL-8), which then induces leukemic cells to undergo apoptosis. NB4, a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line that expresses high levels of cell-surface CD13/aminopeptidase N, does not undergo endothelial IL-8-induced apoptosis. Consequently, we investigated the relationship between cell-surface aminopeptidase activity and endothelial IL-8 induction of apoptosis in various leukemic cell lines. METHODS: CD13/aminopeptidase N activity and IL-8-induced apoptosis were examined in leukemic cell lines. Endothelial IL-8-induced apoptosis was examined further in NB4 cells, K562 cells (human chronic myelogenous leukemic cells expressing low levels of CD13/aminopeptidase N), CD13/aminopeptidase N-transfected K562 (K562/CD13) cells that overexpress aminopeptidase, and mock-transfected K562 cells (vector only). These cells were also cocultured with a vascular endothelial cell layer to investigate the association between aminopeptidase activity and apoptosis in this system. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Endothelial IL-8 induced apoptosis in K562 cells but not in K562/CD13 cells. A combination of an aminopeptidase inhibitor (such as bestatin) and endothelial IL-8 induced apoptosis in NB4 cells and K562/CD13 cells (2.88-fold difference [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.82-fold to 3.94-fold], P =.004 for bestatin-treated NB4 cells and 4.31-fold difference [95% CI = 3.52-fold to 5.10-fold], P<.001 for bestatin-treated K562/CD13 cells). When aminopeptidase activity in NB4 cells was modulated by aminopeptidase inhibitors, a statistically significant correlation was found between aminopeptidase activity and the proportion of apoptotic cells induced by endothelial IL-8 (r = -.837, P<.001 by Pearson's correlation coefficient; r = -.697, P =.013 by Spearman's correlation analysis by ranks). K562/CD13 cells cocultured with vascular endothelial cells did not undergo apoptosis, but the addition of bestatin resulted in the induction of apoptosis in K562/CD13 cells (2.70-fold difference [95% CI = 1.77-fold to 3.63-fold], P<.001). Bestatin treatment increased the level of IL-8 mRNA in and the amount of IL-8 secreted by vascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of cell-surface CD13/aminopeptidase N appear to allow leukemic cells to resist endothelial IL-8-induced apoptosis. The combination of endothelial IL-8 and bestatin induce leukemic cells expressing high levels of CD13/aminopeptidase N to undergo apoptosis. Bestatin may be useful for treating patients with leukemia.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Antígenos CD13/metabolismo , Endotélio Vascular/fisiologia , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/fisiologia , Leucina/análogos & derivados , Leucemia/patologia , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/fisiologia , Northern Blotting , Antígenos CD13/antagonistas & inibidores , Antígenos CD13/genética , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Interleucina-8/farmacologia , Células K562/patologia , Leucina/farmacologia , Transfecção , Veias UmbilicaisRESUMO
A 50-year-old man experienced epigastric pain and gastrofiberscopy (GF) disclosed A2 to H1 stage multiple ulcerative lesions in the stomach. Inclusion bodies were found in the gastric mucosal cells of the biopsy specimen and the cells were positive for monoclonal antibody against cytomegalovirus. Serum HTLV-I antibody was positive and no atypical lymphocytes were seen in the peripheral blood. Gancyclovir and lansoprazole were given. A follow-up GF showed good ulcer healing with immunohistological improvement. The patient died from acute hepatic failure of undetermined cause eleven months after diagnosis. This is the first case report where a cytomegaloviral-induced gastric ulcer disclosed HTLV-I carrier state.