Malignant tumours mimicking periapical lesions: A report of three cases and literature review.

Apical periodontitis shows radiographic signs such as widening of the periodontal ligament and periapical radiolucency, which differ in extent depending on the stage of the lesion. However, other lesions can be associated with or coincidental to the apical region, representing developmental lesions and benign or malignant tumours. This article describes three cases of malignant tumours, a central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMEC), a chondroblast osteosarcoma and an osteosarcoma of the jaw (OSJ) that presented as periapical lesions. Endodontists must be aware of unsuccessful treatment, persistent pain, signs of paraesthesia, a rapid growth rate and delayed response to therapy associated with atypical features. Complementary examinations, such as biopsy and computed tomography, can allow the early diagnosis of malignant tumours, leading to a better prognosis and thus increased survival rates and improvement in quality of life.

Inflammatory Variant of Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma of the Buccal Mucosa: An Overview and Case Report with a 10-Year Follow-Up.

Liposarcomas of the oral cavity are rare. Those originating in the buccal mucosa cause challenging diagnostic and therapeutic issues since less than 40 cases of liposarcomas of the buccal mucosa and cheek have been reported in the worldwide literature. Herein, we present a case of atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma affecting a 45-year-old female patient. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a well-defined mass located in the right buccal mucosa, extending to the submucosal layers of the cheek. Histopathologically, a well-differentiated fatty neoplasm with presence of prominent stromal inflammatory cells was observed. Multifocally scattered bizarre hyperchromatic stromal cells, some of which multinucleated, were also observed. An immunohistochemical panel comprising vimentin, S-100, CD10, CD34, CD20, CD3, CD68, CD138, MDM2, Ki-67, and P53 was employed to better characterize the lesion. A local recurrence event occurred during a 10-year follow-up period. Surgical resection was performed during both episodes. We also provided an overview of demographic and clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical features, imaging findings, and the differential diagnosis of liposarcoma of the oral cavity. Knowledge of the etiopathological and clinical aspects of this rare neoplasm is fundamental in order to rule out other conditions, including lipomatous lesions that affect the buccal mucosa.

A recurrent case of central odontogenic fibroma in maxilla showing root resorption: a case report / Fibroma odontogênico central: relato de caso recorrente e localmente agressivo na maxila

Objective: The aim of this report is present an aggressive recurrent case of central odontogenic fibroma (COF) with tooth resorption in anterior maxilla, and discuss both events based on literature. Case description: A 29-year-old woman was referred for examination of a non-swelling intraosseous lesion detected by routine radiographic exams for orthodontic planning. Panoramic exam revealed a well-defined multiloculated radiolucency in the right anterior maxilla. Periapical radiography highlighted dental resorption of canine and first premolar. After the incisional biopsy the COF diagnosis was confirmed. Tumor was removed by enucleation. Recurrence was detected three years later and the lesion was removed together with involved teeth. No indication of recurrence has been observed in the past eight years. Conclusion: COF is a benign tumor and can be aggressive. Recurrence and root resorption simultaneously are rare features reported in literature. The treatment must include tooth removal and curettage. Prognosis is good and follow-up is important.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste relato é apresentar um caso clínico de fibroma odontogênico central (FOC) recorrente e com reabsorção dental em região anterior de maxila, e discutir estes dois eventos baseados na literatura. Descrição do Caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 29 anos, foi encaminhada para avaliação de lesão intraóssea não-expansiva, detectada por exames radiográficos solicitados para planejamento ortodôntico. Exames radiográficos mostraram uma área radiolúcida multiloculada bem delimitada com reabsorção radicular de canino e primeiro pré-molar direito. Após biópsia incisional e exame histopatológico, a lesão foi diagnosticada como fibroma odontogênico central. O tumor foi enucleado e três anos depois, detectou-se recorrência. A lesão recorrente foi removida junto aos dentes adjacentes. Nenhuma recorrência foi observada nos últimos oito anos de acompanhamento. Conclusão: FOC é um tumor benigno que pode apresentar comportamento agressivo. Recorrência e reabsorção radicular simultâneas são características raramente relatadas na literatura. O tratamento deve incluir exodontia e curetagem do sítio cirúrgico. O acompanhamento é importante, embora seja uma lesão de prognóstico favorável.

Osteonecrose dos maxilares associada ao uso de bisfosfonatos: recidiva após radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço / Bisphosphonates osteonecrosis of the jaws: Recurrence after head and neck radiotherapy

O processo natural de remodelação óssea ocorre através de atividadescelulares, mediada principalmente por osteoblastos e osteoclastos.A interrupção desse processo pode levar a ocorrência de alterações como a osteonecrose. A osteonecrose é causada por diversos fatores, dentre eles locais e sistêmicos, destacando-se o uso de medicamentos e radioterapia. A osteonecrose dos maxilares associada ao uso de bisfosfonatos (ONB) é caracterizada pela presença de um osso necrótico exposto na cavidade bucal, por mais de 8 semanas, em pacientes tratados com este medicamento, sem o histórico de terem sido submetidos à radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço. Já osteorradionecrose (ORN), em conseqüência da radioterapia para tratamento de neoplasias malignas, reduz o potencial de vascularização do tecido ósseo, afetando a atividadecelular, a formação de colágeno e a capacidade de reparo do tecido, podendo levar à necrose. A ONB e ONR apresentam como principais sinais e sintomas: dor intensa, edema, parestesia, infecções, ulceração dos tecidos moles e alterações radiográficas. Por apresentarem características semelhantes, clinicamente a diferenciação entre a ONB e ORN se dá apenas pela história de uso ou não de bisfosfonatos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo abordar um caso sem precedentes, em que descreveu-se a recidiva de uma osteonecrose mandibular, após o debridamento cirúrgico e a infusão de PRP, em uma paciente que posteriormente foi submetida à radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço para tratamento de um caso de reincidência de um mieloma múltiplo (MM).

The natural bone remodeling process occurs mediated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Disturbances in this process may lead to osseous changes as osteonecrosis. Osteonecrosis is caused by several factors, including local and systemic factors, highlighting the use of drugs or radiation. The Bisphonates related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is characterized by the presence of an exposed necrotic bone in the oral cavity for more than 8 weeks in patients treated with this drug, with no history of being subjected to radiotherapy. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN), as a result of radiotherapy, reduces the vascularization potencial of bone, affectingcellular activity, the collagen formation and the capacity of tissue repair, leading to necrosis. As signs and symptoms of BRONJ and ONR is described: intense pain, edema, paresthesia, infection, ulceration, soft tissue and radiographic changes. Because they have similar characteristics, clinical differentiation between the BRONJ and ORN is given only by the history of bisphosphonates intake. This study aimed to discuss an unprecedented case in which was described an mandibular osteonecrosis relapse, after surgical debridement and the PRP infusion, in a patient who has subsequently submitted to radiotherapy for the treatment of a recurrence of multiple myeloma (MM) in head and neck region.

Analysis of cell proliferation and pattern of invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Cell proliferation markers play an important role in the biological behavior of neoplasms. This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of PCNA, Ki-67 and Cyclin B1 proteins based on the pattern of cell invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 39 OSCC specimens and 13 samples of normal oral mucosa (control) were immunohistochemically analyzed. Protein expression was evaluated according to World Health Organization - Histological Malignancy Grading (WHO-HMG) and a specific grading system for invasion, graded from 1 to 4, varying from a consistently well-defined "pushing" border to diffuse infiltration and cellular dissociation, and was then correlated with clinical features. We found higher expression of Ki-67 and Cyclin B1 in OSCC when compared with the control group. High Ki-67 expression levels were more commonly seen in the floor of the mouth than in the tongue (P = 0.009). Cyclin B1 showed a positive correlation with histological grade, according to WHO-HMG criteria (P = 0.01). Our results suggest that Cyclin B1 is a reliable proliferation marker for indicating degree of tumor proliferation. Correlations between PCNA, Ki-67, Cyclin B1 and invasive tumor front with overall survival were not observed. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate whether cell proliferation activity at the tumor invasion front is related to prognosis.

Peripheral dentinogenic ghost cell tumor: a case report and review of the literature.

Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT) is a rare neoplasm, representing 1.9% to 2.1% of all odontogenic tumors. Few cases of DGCT have been reported and only 11 show no bone involvement. A rare case of peripheral DGCT is reported, located in the anterior mandible of a 45-year-old man. The patient presented a slow painless growth in the canine region of an edentulous mandible. Radiographically, no bone involvement was registered. The lesion was enucleated and microscopically characterized by islands of epithelial cells showing ameloblastomalike features in fibrous tissue. Dysplasic dentin and ghost cells were frequently observed. Areas showing a connection between tumor cells and the overlying mucosa were also identified. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positivity for pan-cytokeratin, cytokeratin-14, and 2 neural markers. Denditric cells (Langerhans cells and melanocytes) were identified inside tumoral islands. A rare case of peripheral DGCT is reported, with immunohistochemical analysis and a review of the English literature.

Dual role of CCL3/CCR1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma: implications in tumor metastasis and local host defense.

Chemokines are small chemotactic cytokines that can induce the migration of leukocytes, activate inflammatory/immune responses and have recently been implicated in the regulation of tumor growth and organ-specific spread. In this setting, the macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (CCL3) chemokine displays a diversity of roles that may contribute to the directional migration of squamous cells into cervical lymph nodes or to the defense against tumor initiation and progression. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine, for the first time, the expression of CCL3 and their receptors, CCR1 and CCR5, by real-time polymerase chain reaction in samples obtained from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy gingival tissue (control). In addition, we investigated the immunoexpression of these molecules in neoplastic cells (parenchyma), inflammatory/immune cells (stroma) in primary OSCC and in metastatic and non-metastatic lymph node tissues. The relationship of CCL3/CCR1 with survival data was also evaluated. The analysis of mRNA expression revealed a significantly higher expression of CCL3 and CCR1 in OSCC compared with the controls (P<0.05). The expression of CCR5 was not different in the two groups. The percentages of CCL3+ and CCR1+ cells were observed to be similar in parenchyma and stroma in the OSCC without lymph node metastasis when compared with OSCC with lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). However, we observed the density of CCL3+ nodal cells to be significantly higher in metastatic lymph nodes when compared with non-metastatic lymph nodes in the same patients (P<0.05). Considering CCL3 in stroma, the mean survival rate for patients with high CCL3+ cell percentage was better than for those with low CCL3+ cell percentage. Our findings suggest that the CCL3/CCR1 axis may have a role in the spread of tumoral cells to the lymph nodes and also in the local host defense against the tumor.

Cisto epidermóide de assoalho bucal diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento: apresentaçäo de um caso clínico / Diagnostic, prognostic and treatment of epidermiod cyst of the mouth floor: a case report

O presente artigo visa abordar os aspectos inerentes ao diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento dos cistos epidermóides localizados na regiäo de asoallho bucal, relatando o caso de uma criança com um ano e nove meses de idade portadora da lesäo

Avaliaçäo dos tratamentos de canais radiculares / Evaluation of root canal treatment

Os autores avaliaram clínica e radiograficamente 403 tratamentos de canais radiculares em pacientes da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, dos quais 195 foram realizados por acadêmicos em anos anteriores a 1992 e 208 realizados fora da Faculdade. Foram observadas 55,80 por cento de obturaçöes bem condensadas e 13,23 por cento de má obturaçöes. Dos tratamentos realizados fora da Faculdade, as obturaçöes bem condensadas representaram 28,75 por cento, enquanto as deficientes atingiram a cifra de 36,73 por cento dos casos