RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To define the characteristics of optimum implantation corridors in vertebral bodies C2 to C7 and T10 to S1, using computed tomography examination. METHODS: Measurements were taken from 207 vertebrae from 35 different adult dogs. RESULTS: Implantation corridors of the cervical vertebrae are narrow. The width preserving the transverse hole is less than 2.5 mm in 68.6 per cent of the 86 vertebrae C2 to C6. Dorsal implantation corridors of the last four thoracic vertebrae are narrow, and major anatomical structures are very close to their emergence point. In 63 per cent of the 40 thoracic vertebrae, the right azygos vein is at a distance less than or equal to 1 mm from the vertebral body. The first six lumbar vertebrae have broader corridors. Furthermore, vascular structures are far from the emergence point. The last lumbar vertebra and the sacrum have a broad pedicle, which provides an alternative site for implant placement. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: For the vertebrae L1 to S1, the dorsal implantation can be performed. For the cervical vertebrae, the risk of laceration of the vertebral artery is high. For the last four thoracic vertebrae, the dorsal implantation should not be used.
Assuntos
Pinos Ortopédicos/veterinária , Cães/anatomia & histologia , Canal Medular/diagnóstico por imagem , Fusão Vertebral/veterinária , Animais , Vértebras Cervicais/anatomia & histologia , Vértebras Cervicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/anatomia & histologia , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Linhagem , Canal Medular/anatomia & histologia , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/veterinária , Vértebras Torácicas/anatomia & histologia , Vértebras Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterináriaRESUMO
A six-year-old, male dobermann was presented with a history of dyspnoea and bouts of coughing. Radiography and computed tomography of the thorax showed pleural effusion and a well-circumscribed, calcified mass of 10 cm in diameter, appearing to originate from the left first rib. Thoracocentesis revealed that the pleural fluid was chylous in nature. An incisional biopsy was performed, which gave a histological diagnosis of chondroma. Resolution of the chylothorax after en-bloc surgical removal of the tumour suggested that the rib tumour was the initiating cause of the chylothorax. Seventeen months later, rib neoplasia recurred without pleural effusion, and was removed successfully. To the authors' knowledge, rib chondroma, which is an unusual tumour in dogs, has not been previously documented as a cause of chylothorax.
