Anesthesia duration as a marker for surgical complications in office-based plastic surgery.

BACKGROUND: Office-based plastic surgery has continued to rise in the past 2 decades with the increased demand for cosmetic surgery. Although several large studies have shown the safety of office-based surgery, current regulations place some restrictions on ambulatory office-based surgical facilities. To provide further evidence-based literature on the safety of office-based plastic surgery, we examine surgical complication rates as a function of anesthesia duration. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 2595 patients who underwent office-based plastic surgery procedures between October 2000 and January 2005. All patients received general anesthesia for a broad range of cosmetic surgeries. The primary measured outcome was minor and major surgical complications. Complication rates were examined as a function of anesthesia duration of less than or greater than 4 hours. The follow-up period was 30 days. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS v.19. RESULTS: Most of the patients were female with an average age of 41 years. An increase in the occurrence of minor surgical complications such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (2.8% vs 5.7%, P=0.0175) and urinary retention (0.7% vs 7.6%, P<0.0001) was noted in the greater than 4-hour anesthesia duration group. Overall, there were 66 (2.5%) patients that required reoperation because of surgical complications with no statistical difference between the 2 groups (P=0.098). The only major morbidities were 1 pulmonary embolism (<4 hours) and 1 deep vein thrombosis (>4 hours). Five (0.19%) patients were admitted to the hospital during the follow-up period for surgical and/or medical management (3 hematomas, 1 deep vein thrombosis, and 1 pulmonary embolism). There were no cases of reintubation, major cardiac complications, or death in this series. CONCLUSIONS: Duration of general anesthesia in office-based plastic surgery does not seem to be an indicator of major morbidity and mortality. Although minor complications such as postoperative nausea and vomiting and urinary retention were higher in patients with anesthesia greater than 4 hours, there was no significant increase in major complications. Change in surgical venue would not likely alter the outcome of the increase in minor complications. Therefore, anesthesia duration should not be used as a guideline for safety of office-based plastic surgery.

Do progressive tension sutures really decrease complications in abdominoplasty?

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of progressive tension sutures (PTS) in preventing or reducing seroma formation and local wound complications in patients undergoing abdominoplasty. Forty-nine patients who underwent abdominoplasty procedures with the use of PTS were retrospectively compared with a historical control group of 54 patients who underwent standard abdominoplasty. Primary outcomes measured were seroma formation and local wound complications, including hypertrophic scar formation, umbilical distortion, and wound necrosis. Secondary outcomes were all other complications and time to drain removal. Overall complication rates and local wound complication rates were significantly reduced with the addition of PTS to abdominoplasty. Seroma formation and the time to drain removal were reduced in the PTS group, but the findings were not statistically significant.

Reverse sural artery flap: caveats for success.

Complex open wounds of the distal third of the leg and ankle remain a reconstructive challenge for the plastic surgeon. In many cases, these wounds are best addressed with a free tissue transfer. Although this group has performed more than 400 free flaps to the leg during the past 6 years, free tissue transfer can be an arduous operation that requires a team approach and substantial donor site morbidity for the patient. In recent years, the authors have favored the reverse sural artery fasciocutaneous flap in 11 patients for its ease of dissection, limited morbidity, and preservation of major vessels to the limb. Caveats for successful performance of the reverse sural artery flap include Doppler evidence of patent peroneal perforators, placement of a lazy T-shape skin paddle over the distal gastrocnemius muscle bellies, inclusion of the lesser saphenous vein to augment venous drainage, and, lastly, careful dissection to provide a wide adipofascial pedicle.