RESUMO
The top dozen national managed health care companies and two industry trade groups spent at least $2,023,041 on lobbying expenses and campaign contributions to key lawmakers during last year's health care debate, according to an analysis of Federal Election Commission data and federal lobbying disclosure forms. Five of the top six spenders are large insurance companies that are rapidly transferring their business from traditional indemnity insurance to HMOs. Over half--52 percent--of campaign donations from the top managed care companies' and trade associations' PACs and employees went to members sitting on the five Congressional committees with jurisdiction over health care reform.
Assuntos
Organização do Financiamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde/economia , Manobras Políticas , Programas de Assistência Gerenciada/economia , Apoio Financeiro , Organização do Financiamento/tendências , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The analgesic activity of O-(4-methoxylphenylcarbamoyl)-3-diethylaminopropiophenone oxime hydrochloride was investigated in Swiss--Webster mice using an electroshock technique in which the pain threshold was the minimum voltage producing tonic extension of the hindlimbs in response to an electroshock delivered to the feet. The analgesic potency of O-(4-methoxylphenylcarbamoyl)-3-diethylaminopropiophenone oxime hydrochloride was equal to, or greater than, that of morphine. Neither nalorphine nor withdrawal produced visible behavioral effects in rats treated with O-(4-methoxylphenylcarbamoyl)-3-diethylaminopropiophenone oxime hydrochloride for 21 days, suggesting that the physical dependency liability of the compound may be less than that of morphine.
Assuntos
Analgésicos , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Morfina/farmacologia , Oximas/farmacologia , Propiofenonas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/etiologia , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Nalorfina/farmacologia , Ratos , Tempo de Reação/efeitos dos fármacos , Limiar Sensorial/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/fisiopatologiaAssuntos
Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Clorpromazina/administração & dosagem , Imipramina/administração & dosagem , Animais , Comportamento Apetitivo/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzazepinas/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Asseio Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Comportamento de Nidação/efeitos dos fármacos , RatosAssuntos
Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Clorpromazina/farmacologia , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Pentilenotetrazol/antagonistas & inibidores , Sono/efeitos dos fármacos , Estricnina/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Isótopos de Carbono , Clorpromazina/toxicidade , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Eletrochoque , Hexobarbital/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário , RatosRESUMO
A method is described by which large quantities of data, generated at high and variable rates from a large number of test boxes, are recorded on a single eight-channel punched paper tape. The data, which include a record of the occurrence time of each event in 1/10-sec units, are in a compact form, suitable for conversion to standard Hollerith punched card codes and for decoding and summarizing by a large digital computer. Experience with the system has demonstrated a high degree of accuracy and reliability, and low operating cost.
