Computer aided surgical reconstruction after complex facial burn injuries -- opportunities and limitations.

In severe facial burn injuries with extensive destruction of anatomical structures, cosmetic and functional outcome of treatment are frequently not satisfactory. Although operative therapy is being continuously refined, the variety and proximity of structures in the facial region is considered a major challenge in reconstructive surgery. We present the case of a 16-year-old patient with a severe facial burn injury. In planning the reconstructive procedures, we used a multimodal approach employing data from computerized tomography imaging, as well as from surface laser scanning, which provided three-dimensional visualization of facial soft tissues. Amount and pattern of structural loss could thus be determined more precisely and studied more vividly than by inspection of two-dimensional imaging alone. Anatomical features to be reconstructed could be projected onto the skin area of the prelaminated vertical rectus abdominis muscle (VRAM) flap that has been chosen to cover the defect. Prior to surgery, correction of the defects was simulated and the results of the virtual procedure superimposed on a three-dimensional head model of the patient. Tissue elasticity and thickness of the flap, however, could not be ascertained in advance, indicating the limitations of the method.

[Autonomy of the thyroid gland: is there an "organ hyperthyroidism" of "euthyroid" patients?]. / Schilddrüsenautonomie: Gibt es eine "Organhyperthyreose" bei "euthyreoten" Patienten?

BACKGROUND: Classic thyrotoxicosis is defined as the clinical syndrome of hypermetabolism that results when concentrations of serum free thyroxine (fT4), serum free triiodothyronine (fT3), or both are increased and serum level of TSH is suppressed. The term of subclinical thyrotoxicosis refers to a usually asymptomatic state associated with normal serum fT4 and fT3 and low serum TSH concentrations. AIM: We describe a new entity of thyrotoxicosis under the term of "organ-selective thyrotoxicosis". This refers to patients with mild clinical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis and with a non-suppressible thyroid toxic adenomas and normal serum concentrations of fT4, fT3 and TSH. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We compared symptoms and clinical signs of thyrotoxicosis with serum levels of fT4, fT3 and TSH in 33 patients with toxic adenomas. These patients were divided into 2 groups, 19 patients had normal concentrations of serum fT3, fT4 and TSH belonging to the group of "organ-selective thyrotoxicosis", 14 patients with subclinical thyrotoxicosis were in the control group. RESULTS: In both groups, mild symptoms of thyrotoxicosis were apparent but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups detectable. Therapeutic options were discussed with the patients referring to their symptoms. We describe 1 case of a female patient, in which we carried out an alcohol obliteration of a single toxic adenoma. CONCLUSION: Biological availability of thyroid hormones in patients with toxic adenomas might be elevated in selected organs although serum levels of fT4, fT3 and TSH are normal. This might be due to an increased production rate of T4 on the one hand and a specific peripheral T4/T3 conversion rate on the other hand. This might lead to an organ-selective thyrotoxicosis in the periphery without concerning the thyrotroph, so that TSH stays within the normal range. Necessity of therapeutic interventions depends on clinical signs and symptoms.