Robotic Vaginal Hernia Repair for Recurrent Vaginal Prolapse Status Post-Radical Cystectomy with an Indiana Pouch.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Pelvic organ prolapse following a radical cystectomy is challenging to treat and recurrence of prolapse after primary repair is common owing to compromised pelvic floor support and tissue quality. Vaginal prolapse repairs are often preferred because of concern for patients' complex intraabdominal pathological conditions. However, for those with recurrent prolapse following colpocleisis, limited definitive treatment options exist. METHODS: This surgical video presents a 64-year-old G4P4 with a history of radical cystectomy with an Indiana Pouch for invasive urothelial carcinoma who presented with recurrent stage IV vaginal prolapse two years following colpocleisis. Owing to thin vaginal tissue, a sacrocolpopexy with vaginal mesh could not be performed, thus, the patient underwent robotic-assisted vaginal hernia repair with a polypropylene-reinforced ovine tissue matrix attached to Cooper's ligament and the levator ani muscles. RESULTS: The surgery was free from complications and her postoperative Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification examination revealed a leading vaginal tissue remnant at the level of the hymen. The patient reported overall improved health and quality of life following surgery and recovery on postoperative validated questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal and pelvic floor hernia repair with a polypropylene-reinforced tissue matrix is a feasible definitive surgical treatment for patients with prior radical cystectomy in whom colpocleisis has failed.

Postoperative Ovarian Vein Thrombosis and Treatment with Direct Oral Anticoagulant.

Postoperative ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is a rare complication following hysterectomy. Due to its ambiguous presentation, most frequently presenting as a fever with no known source and lower quadrant abdominal pain, OVTs are commonly diagnosed incidentally on computed tomography as a low-attenuation thrombus in place of the ovarian vein. The cornerstones of OVT treatment include anticoagulation and antibiotic therapy; however, there are no current guidelines to inform provider decision-making regarding specific anticoagulant agents, dosing, or length of therapy. We present a patient with a history of deep-vein thrombosis, who presented to the emergency department with OVT following a laparoscopic hysterectomy. She was treated with apixaban, a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), and experienced repeated episodes of vaginal bleeding and hematoma expansion. We present this case to instill a high index of suspicion for OVT after laparoscopic hysterectomy, and to discuss the role of DOACs in patients with thromboembolic disease and concurrent bleeding.

Diagnóstico e adesão do tratamento da sífilis gestacional em uma ubs do município de Caçador ­ Sc / Diagnosis and aderence to the treatment of gestational syphilis in a ubs in the municipality of Caçador ­ Sc / Diagnóstico y adherencia al tratamiento de la sífilis gestacional em una ubs del municipio de Caçador-Sc

A sífilis é uma doença infectocontagiosa, tendo a via sexual como a principal via de transmissão, mas podendo ser por via sanguínea e transplacentária. Apresenta-se, também, como gestacional e congênita, além das suas formas clínicas­ primária, secundária, terciária, latente recente e latente tardia ­ que auxiliam no tratamento. Objetivo: analisar a relação entre o diagnóstico e adesão do tratamento adequado na sífilis gestacional. Metodologia: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e retrospectiva com uma abordagem quantitativa. As variáveis foram obtidas através das fichas do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) da sífilis gestacional e congênita e dos prontuários da Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) Central no município de Caçador-SC no do período de 2018 a 2022. Os dados foram dispostos em tabelas e a análise realizada por meio da frequência relativa e absoluta. Resultados: Foram analisadas 61 mulheres com sífilis gestacional e 4 recém-nascidos com sífilis congênita. Destas,58 realizaram o tratamento, sendo os casos mais frequentes em mães de 21 a 25 anos. Observou-se que 93,10% das crianças notificadas tiverem o teste não treponêmico não reagente. Conclusão: houve baixa incidência de sífilis congênita, porém, elevado número de parceiros não tratados, o que reforça a importância da assistência no pré-natal para prevenção e seguimento do tratamento correto.

Syphilis is an infectious and contagious disease, having the sexual route as the main route of transmission, but it can also be via blood and transplacental. It is also presented as gestational and congenital, in addition to its clinical forms ­ primary, secondary, tertiary, recent latent and late latent ­ which help in the treatment. Objective: to analyze the relationship between diagnosis and adherence to adequate treatment in gestational syphilis. Methodology: It was a descriptive, exploratory, and retrospective research with a quantitative approach. The variables were recorded through the records of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) of gestational and congenital syphilis and the medical records of the Central Basic Health Unit (UBS) in the municipality of Caçador-SC in the period from 2018 to 2022. The data were prescribed in tables and the analysis performed through relative and absolute frequency. Results: 61 women with gestational syphilis and 4 newborns with congenital syphilis were pregnant. Of these, 58 underwent treatment, with the most frequent cases in mothers aged 21 to 25 years. Note that 93.10% of the notified children had non-reactive non-treponemal test. Conclusion: there was a low incidence of congenital syphilis, however, a high number of untreated partners, which reinforces the importance of prenatal care for prevention and following the correct treatment.

La sífilis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa, teniendo la vía sexual como principal vía de transmisión, pero también puede ser vía sanguínea y transplacentaria. También se presenta como gestacional y congénita, además de sus formas clínicas - primaria, secundaria, terciaria, latente reciente y latente tardía- que ayudan en el tratamiento. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre el diagnóstico y la adherencia al tratamiento adecuado en la sífilis gestacional. Metodología: Fue una investigación descriptiva, exploratoria y retrospectiva con enfoque cuantitativo. Las variables fueron obtenidas a través de los registros del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria (SINAN) de sífilis gestacional y congénita y de las historias clínicas de la Unidad Básica Central de Salud (UBS) del municipio de Caçador-SC en el período de 2018 a 2022. datos se organizaron en tablas y el análisis se realizó mediante frecuencia relativa y absoluta. Resultados: Se analizaron 61 mujeres con sífilis gestacional y 4 recién nacidos con sífilis congénita. De estos, 58 recibieron tratamiento, siendo los casos más frecuentes en madres de 21 a 25 años. Se observó que el 93,10% de los niños notificados tenían prueba no treponémica no reactiva. Conclusión: hubo baja incidencia de sífilis congénita, sin embargo, alto número de parejas no tratadas, lo que refuerza la importancia del control prenatal para la prevención y seguimiento del correcto tratamiento.

E-Z Point: A New Safe and Reproducible Laparoscopic Entry in the Left Upper Quadrant Using a Veress Needle.

Background: Over half of all fatal complications occur during primary laparoscopic entry. In our practice, we developed a novel modification of closed LUQ entry at Palmer's point and designated it "E-Z" entry. Aims: To evaluate the risks and safety of left subcostal entry, a technique we have designated 'E-Z' entry at our institution. Settings and Design: A retrospective chart review was conducted at a tertiary care medical centre of patients who underwent laparoscopic procedures by a single surgeon known to perform left subcostal entry for the last 10 years, using the E-Z entry technique. Materials and Methods: Retrospective chart review and description of surgical technique. Statistical Analysis Used: Simple descriptive statistics and univariate two-group comparisons. Results: One hundred ninety-eight laparoscopic cases were identified as performed by a single surgeon in the last 10 years: 149 underwent umbilical entry and 49 underwent E-Z entry. The average number of previous abdominal surgeries was higher in the E-Z entry group compared to the umbilical group, 1.3 versus 0.5, respectively (P = 0.003). The umbilical entry group had no complications. One complication was noted with the E-Z entry technique, in which the Veress needle was noted to perforate the liver capsule but was managed expectantly. Conclusion: We propose the E-Z entry technique for Veress needle entry as an ergonomic and easily reproducible entry technique in the left upper quadrant in the setting of suspected intraperitoneal adhesions.

Citizen science chlorine surveillance during the Flint, Michigan federal water emergency.

Rising incidence of waterborne diseases including Legionellosis linked to low chlorine residuals in buildings and the availability of inexpensive testing options, create an opportunity for citizen science chorine monitoring to complement sampling done by water utilities. University researchers and Flint residents coordinated a citizen science chlorine surveillance campaign in Flint, Michigan in 2015-19, that helped expose the nature of two deadly Legionnaires Disease outbreaks in 2014-2015 during the Flint Water Crisis and progress of system recovery during the Federal emergency. Results obtained with an inexpensive color wheel were in agreement with a digital colorimeter (R2 =0.99; p = 2.81 × 10-21) at 15 sites geographically distributed across Flint. Blinded tests revealed good agreement between official (n = 2051) and citizen (n = 654) data in terms of determining whether regulatory guidelines for chlorine were met, but a discovery that the citizen data were statistically lower than the city's (p<0.00001) especially in warm summer months led to recommendations for increased flushing of service lines before measurements. This work suggests that expanded citizen surveillance of chlorine, site specific flushing advice, and guidance on decisions about water heater set point could help consumers reduce Legionella risks in their homes. Citizen science initiatives for chlorine monitoring offer a unique opportunity for mutually beneficial collaborations between consumers and utilities to reduce the main source of waterborne disease in developed countries.

Current trends in the treatment of HR+/HER2+ breast cancer.

Treatment for HR+/HER2+ patients has been debated, as some tumors within this luminal HER2+ subtype behave like luminal A cancers, whereas others behave like non-luminal HER2+ breast cancers. Recent research and clinical trials have revealed that a combination of hormone and targeted anti-HER2 approaches without chemotherapy provides long-term disease control for at least some HR+/HER2+ patients. Novel anti-HER2 therapies, including neratinib and trastuzumab emtansine, and new agents that are effective in HR+ cancers, including the next generation of oral selective estrogen receptor downregulators/degraders and CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib, are now being evaluated in combination. This review discusses current trials and results from previous studies that will provide the basis for current recommendations on how to treat newly diagnosed patients with HR+/HER2+ disease.

Eight-hour medication-assisted treatment waiver training for opioid use disorder: integration into medical school curriculum.

Background: The opioid epidemic is a growing problem in the USA. Use of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) has been effective in treating patients with opioid use disorders (OUD) and maintaining sobriety; however, there is a significant shortage of physicians formally trained in MAT. Objective: Wayne State University School of Medicine integrated the 8-hour MAT waiver training into its Internal Medicine clerkship curriculum. The objectives of integrating this into the curriculum were to (1) introduce opioid use education during students' Internal Medicine clerkship and (2) assess whether the curriculum prepares students to feel more comfortable evaluating and treating patients with OUD. Design: MAT training specifically for medical students was provided free online by the Providers Clinical Support System (PCSS). All students on the Internal Medicine clerkship were required to complete the training. A 7-question pre-survey and post-survey assessed students' comfort in evaluating and treating OUD. Significant changes were assessed with a paired McNemar Bowker Test. Results: Medical students (n = 141) completed the pre-survey and post-survey. After the MAT training, students' perspective of their clinical knowledge about OUD, familiarity with MAT, and likelihood to utilize MAT for their patients significantly differed, with increased proportions of medical students in agreement across 6 of 7 pre-post survey items (p <.0001). Conclusions: Online MAT waiver training is a low-cost (free) way to introduce MAT education into the undergraduate clinical curriculum. Upon completing of the training, medical students self-reported improvements in their knowledge and attitudes about OUD and the different treatment options. Our hope is that MAT waiver training will allow for graduation of medical students who are ready to care for patients with OUD during residency and as practitioners upon completion of their residency.

Molecular changes in lobular breast cancers in response to endocrine therapy.

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for approximately 10% to 15% of breast carcinomas, and although it responds poorly to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, it appears to respond well to endocrine therapy. Pre- and on-treatment (after 2 weeks and 3 months) biopsies and surgical samples were obtained from 14 postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) histologically confirmed ILC who responded to 3 months of neoadjuvant letrozole and were compared with a cohort of 14 responding invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) matched on clinicopathologic features. RNA was extracted and processed for whole human genome expression microarray. Dynamic clinical response was assessed using periodic three-dimensional ultrasound measurements performed during treatment and defined as a reduction of >70% in tumor volume by 3 months. Pretreatment profiles of ILC and IDC tumors showed distinctive expression of genes associated with E-cadherin signaling, epithelial adhesion, and stromal rearrangement. The changes in gene expression in response to letrozole were highly similar between responding ILC and IDC tumors; genes involved in proliferation were downregulated and those involved with immune function and extracellular matrix remodeling were upregulated. However, molecular differences between the histologic subtypes were maintained upon treatment. This is the first study of molecular changes in ILC in response to endocrine therapy to date. The genes that change on letrozole are highly consistent between ILC and IDC. Differences in gene expression between ILC and IDC at diagnosis are maintained at each time point on treatment.