Suspended solid removal efficiency of plate settlers and tube settlers analysed by CFD modelling.

Removal of suspended solids from raw water is an essential process in water treatment plants. Conventional sedimentation tanks in water treatment plants occupy a large area and become expensive in urban areas. The use of plate settlers or tube settlers in sedimentation tanks to increase the efficiency and hence reduce the footprint of sedimentation tanks is an economical solution in water treatment. This study investigated the effectiveness of plate and tube settlers compared to conventional settlers in a water treatment plant. A three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was set up using ANSYS-CFX 17.2. Seven cases (a conventional settler, three plate settlers and three tube settlers) were analysed to compare the settler performances. The maximum removal efficiencies of all solid classes were approximately equal in plate and tube settlers with the same plate spacing and tube depth: around 100%, 67%, 28% and 9% for the solid classes with particle diameters of 41, 17, 9.5 and 5.0 µm, respectively. The settling efficiency remained unchanged with the increase of the plate settling area beyond 60% of the conventional settler area under the given tank and flow conditions. The tube cross-section shape does not affect the particle removal efficiency of a tube settler.

GIS for efficient natural disaster preparedness and mitigation in Sri Lanka

Use of geographical information system (GIS) for efficient planning and implementation of the natural disaster risk reduction in Sri Lanka is illustrated. GIS facilitates the researchers, authorities and relief organizations to efficiently plan, implement and monitor the natural disaster preparedness and mitigation activities such as predictions, preventive actions, relief operations, rehabilitation, reconstruction, awareness creation and public education. Flow chart of operations are proposed to objectively analyze the data in different layers coupled with the specialized software programs to spatially model the risk of different types of natural disasters and to minimize the damage