Process-orientated psychoanalytic work in initial interviews and the importance of the opening scene.

From the very first moment of the initial interview to the end of a long course of psychoanalysis, the unconscious exchange between analysand and analyst, and the analysis of the relationship between transference and countertransference, are at the heart of psychoanalytic work. Drawing on initial interviews with a psychosomatically and depressively ill student, a psychoanalytic understanding of initial encounters is worked out. The opening scene of the first interview already condenses the central psychopathology - a clinging to the primary object because it was never securely experienced as present by the patient. The author outlines the development of some psychoanalytic theories concerning the initial interview and demonstrates their specific importance as background knowledge for the clinical situation in the following domains: the 'diagnostic position', the 'therapeutic position', the 'opening scene', the 'countertransference' and the 'analyst's free-floating introspectiveness'. More recent investigations refer to 'process qualities' of the analytic relationship, such as 'synchronization' and 'self-efficacy'. The latter seeks to describe after how much time between the interview sessions constructive or destructive inner processes gain ground in the patient and what significance this may have for the decision about the treatment that follows. All these factors combined can lead to establishing a differential process-orientated indication that also takes account of the fact that being confronted with the fear of unconscious processes of exchange is specific to the psychoanalytic profession.

Trabalho psicanalítico processualmente orientado na primeira entrevista e a importância da cena de abertura / Trabajo psicoanalítico orientado por el proceso en la primera entrevista y la importancia de la escena de abertura / Process-orientated psychoanalytic work in the first interview and the importance of the opening scene

Desde o primeiro momento da entrevista inicial até o final do longo curso de uma psicanálise, a troca inconsciente entre analisando e analista, e a análise da relação entre transferência e contratransferência, estão no cerne do trabalho psicanalítico. Recorrendo às entrevistas iniciais de uma estudante com enfermidade psicossomática e depressiva, foi desenvolvida uma compreensão psicanalítica dos primeiros encontros nos seguintes domínios: a “posição diagnóstica”, a “posição terapêutica”, a “cena de abertura” e a “introspecção livremente flutuante do analista”. A cena de abertura da primeira entrevista já condensa a psicopatologia central - uma aderência ao objeto primário por este nunca ter sido experienciado, com segurança, como estando presente pela paciente. Investigações mais recentes se referem a “qualidades do processo” da relação psicanalítica, como “sincronização e “auto-eficácia.” Esta última qualidade procura descrever quanto tempo é necessário entre as sessões de entrevista para que processos internos construtivos e destrutivos ganhem terreno no paciente e o que isso pode significar na decisão sobre o tratamento por vir. Todos esses fatores combinados podem levar ao estabelecimento de uma indicação diferencial processualmente orientada, que ainda considera o fato de que ser confrontado com o temor dos processos inconscientes de troca é específico à profissão do psicanalista.(AU)

From the very first moment of the initial interview to the end of a long course of psychoanalysis, the unconscious exchange between analysand and analyst, and the analysis of the relationship between transference and countertransference, are at the heart of psychoanalytic work. Drawing on initial interviews with a psychosomatically and depressively ill student, psychoanalytic understanding of initial encounters is worked out in the following domains: the “diagnostic position”, the “therapeutic position”, the “opening scene”, the “countertransference” and the “analyst’s free-floating introspectiveness”. The opening scene of the first interview already condenses the central psychopathology - a clinging to the primary object because it was never securely experienced as present by the patient. More recent investigations refer to “process qualities” of the analytic relationship, such as “synchronisation” and “self-efficacy”. The latter seeks to describe after how much time between the interview sessions constructive or destructive inner processes gain ground in the patient and what significance this may have for the decision about the treatment that follows. All these factors combined can lead to establishing a differential process-orientated indication that also takes account of the fact that being confronted with the fear of unconscious processes of exchange is specific to the psychoanalytic profession.(AU)

Desde el primer momento de la entrevista inicial hasta el final de un largo trayecto psicoanalítico, el intercambio inconsciente entre analizado y analista, así como, el análisis de la relación entre transferencia y contratransferencia, constituyen el centro del trabajo psicoanalítico. Recurriendo a las entrevistas iniciales de una estudiante afectada por una enfermedad psicosomática y depresiva, se desarrolló una comprensión psicoanalítica de los primeros encuentros considerando los siguientes dominios: la ‘posición diagnóstica’, la ‘posición terapéutica’, la ‘escena de apertura’, la contratransferencia y la ‘introspección libremente flotante del analista’. La escena de apertura de la primera entrevista ya condensa la psicopatología central - una adherencia al objeto primario por este nunca haber sido experimentado con seguridad como estando presente por la paciente. Investigaciones más recientes se refieren a “cualidades del proceso” de la relación analítica como la “sincronización” y “auto-eficacia”. Esta última busca describir cuánto tiempo es necesario entre las sesiones de entrevista para que procesos internos constructivos o destructivos ganen terreno en el paciente y qué significado esto puede tener en relación al tratamiento a seguir. Todos estos factores combinados pueden conducir al establecimiento de una indicación diferencial orientada por el proceso, que además toma en cuenta el hecho de que ser confrontado con el miedo de los procesos inconscientes de intercambio es específico a la profesión psicoanalítica.(AU)

Performance as annihilation or integration?

What happens when the analyst has the impression of being annihilated by the patient? Analysts have a tendency to use more general, i.e. simplifying, constructions such as destructiveness, psychosis or death instinct as explanatory models. In the authors' view, these constructions in the end evade rather than mirror clinical reality. More recent research points to promising possibilities of differentiation, e.g. psychotic mechanisms which are--as yet undiscussed--based on Freud's notion of the partial 'rent in the relation between ego and external world'. These findings emphasize the restitutive function of a symptom or disturbance, i.e. destruction of a relationship which hinders the therapeutic process and which is not understood initially, instead of solely stressing the destructive meaning in a tabooing gesture. The concept of performance attempts to replace simplifying models with a discriminant process, and will be preliminarily defined and explained in delineation to terms already in use such as acting out, enactment, and role responsiveness. The authors explore the question of how the perception of unthought certainty in the performance can either be recognized as a blueprint, i.e. organizing activity, or as the destruction of the relationship so that a new one can emerge. The evidence from a detailed clinical example shows that many treatments can fail at this point and demonstrates how an understanding of performance in this sense offers a chance for integrating processes that otherwise impede treatment.

Synthesis of Polysiloxane-Bound (Ether-phosphine)palladium Complexes. Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reactions in Interphases(1).

The reaction of two equiv of the monomeric ether-phosphine O,P ligand (MeO)(3)Si(CH(2))(3)(Ph)PCH(2)-Do [1a(T(0)()), 1b(T(0)())] {Do = CH(2)OCH(3) [1a(T(0)())], CHCH(2)CH(2)CH(2)O [1b(T(0)())]} with PdCl(2)(COD) yields the monomeric palladium(II) complexes Cl(2)Pd(P approximately O)(2) [2a(T(0)())(2)(), 2b(T(0)())(2)()]. The compounds 2a(T(0)())(2)() and 2b(T(0)())(2)() are sol-gel processed with variable amounts (y) of Si(OEt)(4) (Q(0)()) to give the polysiloxane-bound complexes 2a(T(n)())(2)()(Q(k)())(y)(), 2b(T(n)())(2)()(Q(k)())(y)() (Table 1) {P approximately O = eta(1)-P-coordinated ether-phosphine ligand; for T(n)() and Q(k)(), y = number of condensed T type (three oxygen neighbors), Q type (four oxygen neighbors) silicon atoms; n and k = number of Si-O-Si bonds; n = 0-3; k = 0-4; 2a(T(n)())(2)()(Q(k)())(y)(), 2b(T(n)())(2)()(Q(k)())(y)() = {[M]-SiO(n)()(/2)(OX)(3)(-)(n)()}(2)[SiO(k)()(/2)(OX)(4)(-)(k)()](y)(), [M] = (Cl(2)Pd)(1/2)(Ph)P(CH(2)Do)(CH(2))(3)-, X = H, Me, Et}. The complexes 2b(T(n)())(2)()(Q(k)())(y)() (y = 4, 12, 36) show high activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of 1-hexyne and tolan. The dicationic complexes [Pd(P&arcraise;O)(2)][SbF(6)](2) [3a(T(0)())(2)(), 3b(T(0)())(2)()] are formed by reacting Cl(2)Pd(P approximately O)(2) with 2 equiv of a silver salt {P&arcraise;O = eta(2)-O&arcraise;P-coordinated ether-phosphine ligand; 3a(T(0)())(2)(), 3b(T(0)())(2)() = [M]-SiOMe(3); [M] = {[Pd(2+)](1/)(2)P(Ph)(CH(2)CH(2)OCH(3))(CH(2))(3)-}{SbF(6)} (a), {[Pd(2+)](1/)(2)P(Ph)(CH(2)CHCH(2)CH(2)CH(2)O)(CH(2))(3)-}{SbF(6)} (b)}. Their polysiloxane-bound congeners 3a(T(n)())(2)(), 3b(T(n)())(2)() {[M]-SiO(n)()(/2)(OX)(3)(-)(n)} are obtained if a volatile, reversible bound ligand like acetonitrile is employed during the sol-gel process. The bis(chelate)palladium(II) complexes 3a(T(n)())(2)(), 3b(T(n)())(2)() are catalytic active in the solvent-free CO-ethene copolymerization, producing polyketones with chain lengths comparable to those obtained with chelating diphosphine ligands. The polysiloxane-bound palladium(0) complexes 5a(T(n)())(2)()(Q(k)())(4)(), 5b(T(n)())(2)()(Q(k)())(4)() {[M]-SiO(n)()(/)(2)(OX)(3)(-)(n)}(2)[SiO(k)()(/2)(OX)(4)(-)(k)](4), [M] = [(dba)Pd](1/)(2)P(Ph)(CH(2)Do)(CH(2))(3)-} undergo an oxidative addition reaction with iodobenzene in an interphase with formation of the complexes PhPd(I)(P approximately O)(2).4SiO(2) [6a(T(n)())(2)()(Q(k)())(4)(), 6b(T(n)())(2)()(Q(k)())(4)()] {[M]-SiO(n)()(/)(2)(OX)(3)(-)(n)](2)[SiO(k)()(/2)(OX)(4)(-)(k)](4), [M] = [PhPd(I)](1/2)P(Ph)(CH(2)Do)(CH(2))(3)-}, which insert carbon monoxide into the palladium-aryl bond even in the solid state.