A Clinicogenetic Prognostic Classifier for Prediction of Recurrence and Survival in Asian Breast Cancer Patients.

BACKGROUND: Several prognostic factors affect the recurrence of breast cancer in patients who undergo mastectomy. Assays of the expression profiles of multiple genes increase the probability of overexpression of certain genes and thus can potentially characterize the risk of metastasis. METHODS: We propose a 20-gene classifier for predicting patients with high/low risk of recurrence within 5 years. Gene expression levels from a quantitative PCR assay were used to screen 473 luminal breast cancer patients treated at Taiwan Hospital (positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors, negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2). Gene expression scores, along with clinical information (age, tumor stage, and nodal stage), were evaluated for risk prediction. The classifier could correctly predict patients with and without relapse (logistic regression, P<0.05). RESULTS: A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the 20-gene panel was prognostic with hazard ratios of 5.63 (95% confidence interval 2.77-11.5, univariate) and 5.56 (2.62-11.8, multivariate) for the "genetic" model, and of 8.02 (3.52-18.3, univariate) and 19.8 (5.96-65.87, multivariate) for the "clinicogenetic" model during a 5-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed 20-gene classifier can successfully separate the patients into two risk groups, and the two risk group had significantly different relapse rate and prognosis. This 20-gene classifier can provide better estimation of prognosis, which can help physicians to make better personalized treatment plans.

New synthetic routes to Z-shape functionalized perylenes.

Z-shape (1,2,7,8-tetrasubstituted) perylene derivatives are novel chromophores with great potential in various applications. Yet, the synthetic entry into this class of molecules is hitherto quite limited. In this communication, the synthesis of a series of Z-shape perylene derivatives via a double Wittig-Knoevenagel benzannulation protocol is reported. Preliminary photophysical and electrochemical studies indicate that the frontier orbital energy levels of these new perylene systems are modulated by electronic, regiochemical, and conformational effects.