Advancing robot-guided techniques in lumbar spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Lumbar spine surgery is a crucial intervention for addressing spinal injuries or conditions affecting the spine, often involving lumbar fusion through pedicle screw (PS) insertion. The precision of PS placement is pivotal in orthopedic surgery. This systematic review compares the accuracy of robot-guided (RG) surgery with free-hand fluoroscopy-guided (FFG), free-hand without fluoroscopy-guided (FHG), and computed tomography image-guided (CTG) techniques for PS insertion. METHODS: A systematic search of various databases from 1 January 2013 to 30 December 2023 was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Primary outcomes, including PS insertion accuracy and breach rate, were analyzed using a random-effects model. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of PS insertion using RG, based on 37 studies involving 3,837 patients and 22,117 PS, is 97.9%, with a breach rate of 0.021. RG demonstrated superior accuracy compared to FHG and CTG, with breach rates of 3.4 and 0.015 respectively for RG versus FHG, and 3.8 and 0.026 for RG versus CTG. Additionally, RG was associated with reduced mean estimated blood loss compared to CTG, indicating improved safety. CONCLUSIONS: The RG is associated with enhanced accuracy of PS insertion and reduced breach rates over other methods. However, additional randomized controlled trials comparing these modalities are needed for further validation. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42023483997.

Arthroscopic Autologous Iliac Bone Grafting With Double-Row Elastic Fixation and Double Antirotating Anchors for Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation With Massive Glenoid Bone Defect.

The management of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations with massive glenoid bone defects typically involves arthroscopic intervention. Autologous iliac bone grafting with double-row elastic fixation reportedly yields excellent outcomes. In this article, we introduce a specialized technique for iliac bone grafting that uses double-row elastic fixation and double antirotating anchors. Implementation of this technique prevents the occurrence of iliac graft rotation.

Sequencing accuracy and systematic errors of nanopore direct RNA sequencing.

BACKGROUND: Direct RNA sequencing (dRNA-seq) on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platforms can produce reads covering up to full-length gene transcripts, while containing decipherable information about RNA base modifications and poly-A tail lengths. Although many published studies have been expanding the potential of dRNA-seq, its sequencing accuracy and error patterns remain understudied. RESULTS: We present the first comprehensive evaluation of sequencing accuracy and characterisation of systematic errors in dRNA-seq data from diverse organisms and synthetic in vitro transcribed RNAs. We found that for sequencing kits SQK-RNA001 and SQK-RNA002, the median read accuracy ranged from 87% to 92% across species, and deletions significantly outnumbered mismatches and insertions. Due to their high abundance in the transcriptome, heteropolymers and short homopolymers were the major contributors to the overall sequencing errors. We also observed systematic biases across all species at the levels of single nucleotides and motifs. In general, cytosine/uracil-rich regions were more likely to be erroneous than guanines and adenines. By examining raw signal data, we identified the underlying signal-level features potentially associated with the error patterns and their dependency on sequence contexts. While read quality scores can be used to approximate error rates at base and read levels, failure to detect DNA adapters may be a source of errors and data loss. By comparing distinct basecallers, we reason that some sequencing errors are attributable to signal insufficiency rather than algorithmic (basecalling) artefacts. Lastly, we generated dRNA-seq data using the latest SQK-RNA004 sequencing kit released at the end of 2023 and found that although the overall read accuracy increased, the systematic errors remain largely identical compared to the previous kits. CONCLUSIONS: As the first systematic investigation of dRNA-seq errors, this study offers a comprehensive overview of reproducible error patterns across diverse datasets, identifies potential signal-level insufficiency, and lays the foundation for error correction methods.

Comprehensive identification and risk assessment of regulated and emerging mycotoxins in infant foods and related raw materials and risk management advice: A case study of an infant food company in China.

This study evaluated muti-mycotoxins in 199 samples including processed infant foods and raw materials collected randomly from an infant food company and assessed their role in dietary exposure in infants and young children via probabilistic risk assessment. Approximately 79.6 % (74/93) of the processed infant foods and 65.1 % (69/106) of the raw materials were contaminated by mycotoxins, with a mean occurrence level of 3.66-321.8 µg/kg. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and tenuazonic acid (TeA) were the more prevalent mycotoxins detected, based on their higher frequencies and levels across samples. Co-occurrence of more than two mycotoxins was detected in 61.3 % (57/93) of the processed infant foods and 53.8 % (57/106) of the raw materials. Wheat flour and derived products (e.g., infant noodles and infant biscuits) were contaminated with higher contamination levels and a greater variety of mycotoxins than other samples (e.g., infant cereal and rice grains). The estimated daily exposure to OTA, DON, ZEN, and TEN was lower than the corresponding reference health-based guidance values, indicating acceptable health risks. However, the estimated dietary exposure to alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), alternariol (AOH), and tenuazonic acid (TeA) exceeded the corresponding thresholds of toxicological concern values, indicating potential dietary intake risks. Among the various samples, cereals and cereal-based infant foods emerged as the primary contributors to mycotoxin exposure. Further research is advised to address the uncertainties surrounding the toxicity associated with emerging Alternaria mycotoxins and to conduct cumulative risk assessments concerning multiple mycotoxin exposure in infants and young children.

Surgical counting interruptions in operating rooms.

BACKGROUND: Operating rooms are complex working environments with high workloads and high levels of cognitive demand. The first surgical count which occurs during the chaotic preoperative stage and is considered a critical phase, is a routine task in ORs. Interruptions often occur during the first surgical count; however, little is known about the first surgical counting interruptions. This study aimed to observe and analyse the sources, outcomes, frequency of the first surgical counting interruptions and responses to interruptions. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was carried out to examine the occurrence of the first surgical counting interruptions between 1st August 2023 and 30th September 2023. The data were collected using the "Surgical Counting Interruption Event Form", which was developed by the researchers specifically for this study. RESULTS: A total of 66 circulating nurses (CNs) and scrub nurses (SNs) were observed across 1015 surgeries, with 4927.8 min of surgical count. The mean duration of the first surgical count was 4.85 min, with a range of 1.03 min to 9.51 min. In addition, 697 interruptions were identified, with full-term interruptions occurring an average of 8.7 times per hour. The most frequent source of interruption during the first surgical counts was instruments (N = 144, 20.7%). The first surgical counting interruptions mostly affected the CN (336 times; 48.2%), followed by the ORNs (including CNs and SNs) (243 times; 34.9%) and the SN (118 times; 16.9%). Most of the outcomes of interruptions were negative, and the majority of the nurses responded immediately to interruptions. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of the first surgical counting interruption is high. Managers should develop interventions for interruptions based on different surgical specialties and different nursing roles.

S100A12 is involved in the pathology of osteoarthritis by promoting M1 macrophage polarization via the NF-κB pathway.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects millions worldwide. Synovitis and macrophage polarization are important factors in the development of OA. However, the specific components of synovial fluid (SF) responsible for promoting macrophage polarization remain unclear. METHODS: Semi-quantitative antibody arrays were used to outline the proteome of SF. Differential expression analysis and GO/KEGG were performed on the obtained data. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to investigate the relationship between SF S100A12 levels and synovitis levels in clinalclinical samples. In vitro cell experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of S100A12 on macrophage polarization. Public databases were utilized to predict and construct an S100A12-centered lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNA network, which was preliminarily validated using GEO datasets. RESULTS: The study outlines the protein profile in OA and non-OA SF. The results showed that the S100A12 level was significantly increased in OA SF and inflammatory chondrocytes. The OA synovium had more severe synovitis and higher levels of S100A12 than non-OA synovium. Exogenous S100A12 upregulated the levels of M1 markers and phosphorylated p65 and promoted p65 nuclear translocation, while pretreatment with BAY 11-7082 reversed these changes. It was also discovered that LINC00894 was upregulated in OA and significantly correlated with S100A12, potentially regulating S100A12 expression by acting as a miRNA sponge. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that S100A12 promotes M1 macrophage polarization through the NF-κB pathway, and found that LINC00894 has the potential to regulate the expression of S100A12 as a therapeutic approach.

Noncollinear Optical Parametric Amplification of Broadband Infrared Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy.

Sum-frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy is an invaluable tool in surface science, known for its specificity to surfaces and interfaces. Despite its wide application, it is often hampered by weak signal detection. Here, we present an innovative enhancement technique of postsample amplification, using a picosecond noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA). We conducted a systematical investigation into the impact of different intensities of pump and SFG seed light, as the input signal in NOPA, and demonstrated this method on the octadecanethiol (ODT) molecules on gold films. The amplified SFG by NOPA reproduced the SFG vibrational spectra, enhanced by about 4 orders of magnitude but with broader spectral resolution due to the short pulse width of the pump light in NOPA. This study makes it possible to realize highly sensitive SFG measurements, marking a significant advancement in spectroscopic analysis techniques.

Vibronic coupling of Rhodamine 6G molecules studied by doubly resonant sum frequency generation spectroscopy with narrowband infrared and broadband visible.

Doubly resonant sum frequency generation (DR-SFG) serves as a potent characteristic technique for probing the electronic spectra and vibronic coupling of molecules on surfaces. In this study, we successfully developed a novel infrared (IR)-white light (WL) DR-SFG spectroscopy based on narrowband IR and tunable broadband WL. This novel method was employed to explore the excitation spectrum and vibronic couplings of sub-monolayer Rhodamine 6G molecules. Our findings elucidate that the xanthene skeleton vibrational modes exhibit strong coupling with the S0-S1 electronic transition. Notably, we observed not only the 0-0 transition of the S0-S1 electronic continuum but also the 0-1 transition, a first time observation in the realm of DR-SFG spectroscopy. This advanced DR-SFG spectroscopy methodology facilitates a more sensitive examination of electronic spectra and the coupling between electronic transitions and vibrational modes, heralding a significant advancement in the understanding of molecular interactions on surfaces.

Efficacy of Danlou tablet on myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury assessed by network pharmacology and experimental verification.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential pharmacological mechanism of Danlou tablet (, DLT) with a long-term clinical application in the treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification. METHODS: The main chemical ingredients in DLT were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) System Pharmacology Database, the TCM information database, the bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanism of TCM, and HERB database. Disease targets of I/R were accessed from the databases of Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, GeneCards, Therapeutic Target Database, and DisGeNET database. The overlaying genes of DLT and I/R were obtained from the Venny online platform. The core targets and protein-protein interaction network were constructed and analyzed via the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Proteins database and Cytoscape software. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by the Metascape platform. Based on the results, the component-target-pathway network was constructed and drafted via the Cytoscape software and the platform of Bioinformatics. Furthermore, we performed molecular docking to predict the binding information between chemical molecules and target proteins. Finally, oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R)-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used to validate the results of network pharmacology in vitro. RESULTS: A total of 189 active chemical components in DLT and 849 correlative targets of I/R were screened. Of note, 133 overlaying genes found from the Venny online platform were concentrated into 28 core genes. Furthermore, the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis presented that DLT might participate in 42 types of GO molecular functions, 747 types of GO biological processes, 19 types of GO cellular components, and 140 kinds of pathways to treat I/R. In the component-target-pathway network, the indirect relationship between herbs and their possible effective pathways was clarified. Based on the molecular docking, we speculated that Baicalein-prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2) with -3.24 kcal/mol, Luteolin-heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90AA1) with -3.22 kcal/mol, Baicalein-HSP90AA1 with -3.13 kcal/mol, and Quercetin-HSP90AA1 with -3.05 kcal/mol possessed the strongest binding force of less than -3 kcal/mol, sequentially. Experimental verification showed that Quercetin, Luteolin, and Baicalein could increase the relative cell viability of OGD/R-stimulated cardiomyocytes, probably by suppressing PTGS2, and activating HSP90AA1 and estrogen receptor 1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: We predicted the potential active compounds as the material basis of DLT that may provide a new approach to elucidate the novel pharmacological mechanism underlying the treatment of cardiac I/R damage.

Comparison research on the therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin type A and stromal vascular fraction gel on hypertrophic scars in the rabbit ear model.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is often used for wrinkles and muscle convulsive diseases due to its blocking of the transmission of nerve impulses. Stromal vascular fraction gel (SVF-gel) prepared from adipose tissue has novel effects on skin depression and poor texture. Both BTA and SVF-gel are proved to possess anti-scar potential. This study aimed to assess and compare their therapeutic effects on hypertrophic scars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rabbit ear scar model was established and treated with BTA and SVF-gel, alone or in combination. Gross evaluation using Manchester Scar Scale (MSS) was conducted immediately, 4 and 8 weeks after initial treatment. After tissue sample harvest, histological and Western blot analyses were performed. RESULTS: All the treatments alleviated scar hyperplasia in different degrees by inhibiting fibroblast activation (Ki-67, α-SMA), tissue inflammation (CD45, IL-1ß) and the transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1)/Smad3 pathway. Despite an excellent anti-inflammatory effect, improvement of scar appearance and pathological characteristics in SVF-gel-contained groups was not as good as that in BTA-only group, which might be related to the retention of M2-type macrophages (CD163 +) and partial maintenance of TGF-ß1 expression. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that BTA has better anti-scar efficacy than SVF-gel, and the combination of these two treatments shows no obvious combinatorial effect.

Clinicopathological features and molecular genetic changes in 17 cases of uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor.

Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm that was recently reported to exhibit recurrent NCOA1-3rearrangement with the most frequent partners ESR1 and GREB1. In this study, the clinicopathological characteristics of 17 UTROSCT cases were summarized; among them, the fusion genes of 12 cases were retrospectively analyzed by targeted RNA sequencing. The mean age of our cohort was 47 years (19-67 y). Although the majority of UTROSCTs had clear boundaries on gross examination, microscopic infiltration into the myometrium was observed in 82.4 % of cases. The tumor cells showed diffuse, trabecular, nested, reticular, pseudopapillary, hollow and solid tubular patterns, expressing sex cord, epithelial, and myogenic markers. Six fusion genes, including ESR1::NCOA3 (n = 4), ESR1::NCOA2 (n = 2), ESR1::CITED2 (n = 2), GREB1::NCOA2 (n = 2), GREB1::NCOA1 (n = 1), and GREB1::NCOA3 (n = 1), were identified. The fusion genes of the three cases with recurrence and metastasis were GREB1::NCOA2, ESR1::NCOA3, and ESR1::CITED2. All 3 cases of recurrent tumors showed infiltrative growth, with moderate to severe dysplasia of tumor cells and different degrees of rhabdomyoid differentiation. This is the first report of the ESR1::CITED2 fusion genes in UTROSCT, and one of the two patients had recurrence and metastasis. Compared with UTROSCT withESR1 rearrangement, UTROSCT with GREB1 rearrangement was more common in elderly patientsand was more likely to present with intramural masses, less sex cord differentiation, poor prognosis, and relapse and metastasis.

Detection of 14 sulfonate esters impurities of active pharmaceutical ingredients based on GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS / 药学学报

Two methods including gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were established to detect common alkyl sulfonates and aryl sulfonates genotoxic impurities. Four alkyl sulfonates and methyl benzenesulfonate were determined by GC-MS/MS using butyl methanesulfonate as the internal standard, the chromatographic column was HP-5MS UI (30 mm × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm), the carrier gas was helium, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1 in a constant flow mode, the sample inlet temperature was set to 250 ℃, the split ratio was 10∶1, and the initial temperature of the heating program was 80 ℃, maintained for 1 minute, and then increased to 240 ℃ at a heating rate of 30 ℃·min-1 for 2 minutes. The mass spectrometry detector was an electron bombardment ion source (EI source), the data collection condition was multi reaction monitoring mode (MRM), and method validation using the raw material of clinical drug citalopram hydrobromide as a sample. The results showed that the linear range of four alkyl sulfonates and methyl benzenesulfonate were good at 3-50 ng·mL-1 and 9-150 ng·mL-1, with a correlation coefficient of r > 0.999, The spiked recovery was 80%-120%. The detection limits were 1 and 3 ng·mL-1; Ten aryl sulfonates determined by LC-MS/MS, the chromatographic column was CSH Fluoro phenyl (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm), the mobile phase was methanol (B)-5 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate (D), with a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min-1, and gradient elution was performed. The gradient program (T/% B) was set as 0/20, 25/90, 35/90, 42/20. The mass spectrometer detector was electro spray ionization with positive ionization mode (ESI+), the data collection was in dynamic multi reaction monitoring mode (dMRM), and the method was validated using the raw material of the clinical drug citalopram hydrobromide as a sample. The results showed that the linear range of aryl sulfonates were good at 9-2 000 ng·mL-1, 3-100 ng·mL-1 and 0.9-30 ng·mL-1, respectively. The correlation coefficient r > 0.999, the spiked recovery was 80%-120%. The detection limits were 30, 1 and 0.3 ng·mL-1. Two detection methods did not detect potential sulfonate genotoxicity impurities in the above APIs. The established analytical methods are reliable and effective, which can provide reference for drug quality control and detection.

Culture of rabbit corneal stromal cells on thermo-sensitive materials by the radiation polymerization / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the synthesis of thermo-sensitive poly N-isopropylacry-lamide(PNIPAAm)and the petri dish grafted with PNIPAAm hydrogels by the electron accelerator, as well as the growth conditions and the biological characteristics of rabbit corneal stromal cells on thermo-sensitive PNIPAAm hydrogels, and the cell sheets obtained from the PNIPAAm hydrogels.METHODS: NIPAAm monomer was dissolved in 2-propanol at concentrations of 55% with 0.5% N,N'-Methylenebisacry-lamide(MBA). Solution(70 μL)was added and spread uniformly over 35 mm petri dish. These dishes were immediately subjected to irradiation. After follow-up treatment, rabbit corneal stromal cells were cultured on thermo-sensitive petri dish in vitro.RESULTS: According to the monomer formula and radiation synthesis scheme in this experiment, PNIPAAm can be synthesized on the surface of the petri dish. Rabbit corneal stromal cells grew well in the thermo- sensitive surface and can be separated into sheets.CONCLUSION: The single and multilayer carrier-free cell sheets can be obtained from the use of thermo-sensitive petri dish.

Viral pathogen spectrum analysis of acute intestinal infection in Hanzhong in 2019-2022 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the viral pathogen spectrum characteristics of acute intestinal infection in Hanzhong from 2019 to 2022. Methods Fecal samples from patients with acute intestinal infection in the outpatient clinic of 3201 Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected. Common enteroviruses such as enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus 16 (CV-A16), CV-A10, CV-A6, CV-A2, CV-A4, and CV-B3 were detected and analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results A total of 5 194 fecal samples were collected, and the positive rate of nucleic acid detection was 23.95%. In terms of the enteroviruses, the highest detection rate was 9.82% for EV-A71, followed by 4.58% for CV-A16 and 3.37% for CV-A6. The positive detection rate of common enteroviruses showed statistical difference among different age groups (P0.05). EV-A71 infection showed no seasonal characteristics, whereas the detection of CV-A16 and CV-A6 infections was concentrated in summer and autumn. There were 106 cases of mixed infection, and the prevalence rate was 2.04%, with EV-A71 and CV-A6 mixed infections accounting for the majority of cases. Conclusion The main pathogens of acute intestinal infections in the Hanzhong area from 2019 to 2022 are EV-A71, CV-A16, and CV-A6. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of acute intestinal infections in children aged 4 years and below.

Dynamic changes in cytoskeletal elements following acute cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the dynamic time-course changes in neuronal cytoskeleton after acute ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Methods Reperfusion was performedin rats by blocking the middle cerebralarteryfor 90 min, then therats wereobserved and collected at different time points. The brain damage wasobserved by Nissl staining,and neurobehavioural function was evaluated with neurological deficit score and forelimb placement test. The cellular changes in the alternations of cytoskeletal elements including microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neurofilament heavy chain (NF-H) were observed by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot. Impaired axons, dendrites and cytoskeletal alternations were detected by electron microscope. Results Brain damage and neurobehavioural function were gradually aggravated with the prolongation of reperfusion. Brain damage appeared earlier and more severe in striatum than in cortex. Moreover, decreased MAP2-related and increased NF-H-related immunoreactive intensities were found in the ischemic areas. Impaired cytoskeletal arrangement and reduced dense were indicated. Damaged cytoskeletal components such as microtubules and neurofilament arrangement, decreased axonal filament density, and swelled dendrites were observed after cerebral ischemia reperfusion by ultrastructural observations. Conclusions Different brain regions have diverse tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Major elements of neuronal cytoskeleton show dynamic responses to ischemia and reperfusion, which may further contribute to brain damage and neurological impairment following MCAO and reperfusion.

Efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound cycloplasty in glaucoma and its influencing factor / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound cyclo plasty(UCP)in the treatment of glaucoma and to investigate related influencing factors.METHODS: The study involved a total of 110 patients(134 eyes)who received UCP treatment between January 2019 and January 2022 at three medical centers: Tianjin Eye Aier Eye Hospital, Chongqing Aier Eye Hospital, and Chongqing Nanping Aier Eye Hospital. Patients were classified into three categories: primary angle-closure glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. Best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and the usage of anti-glaucoma medications, etc., were recorded at 6 and 12 mo postoperatively.RESULTS: After 6 months of the UCP procedure, statistically significant differences in intraocular pressure were observed across all groups(all P<0.05). At 12 mo postoperatively, intraocular pressure of the primary angle-closure and primary open-angle glaucoma groups showed differences(all P<0.05). Notably, there were no significant changes in visual acuity at either the 6 or 12 mo compared to preoperative values across all patient groups(all P>0.05). Furthermore, the study identified a statistically significant correlation between the changes in intraocular pressure at 6 mo and factors such as age, history of previous glaucoma surgery, baseline white-to-white(corneal diameter), and the extent of UCP treatment(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The UCP procedure has been demonstrated to effectively lower intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. The efficacy appears to be influenced by variables including patient age, previous glaucoma surgery history, baseline white-to-white(corneal diameter), and the scope of UCP treatment. Importantly, UCP treatment did not adversely affect visual acuity, underscoring its favorable safety profile.

Therapeutic Effect of Gandou Decoction on Wilson's Disease with Dampness Heat Accumulation Accompanied by Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of Gandou decoction in treating Wilson's disease （WD） with dampness heat accumulation accompanied by rapid eye movement （REM） sleep behavior disorder （RBD）. MethodFrom April 2019 to August 2023，62 patients with dampness heat accumulation type WD accompanied by RBD who met the inclusion criteria were selected from the Department of Encephalopathy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group with 31 cases each using a computer distributor. The control group received routine copper removal treatment，while the observation group received additional treatment with Gandou decoction on the basis of the control group. Eight days was one course of treatment，totaling three courses. The scores of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes，RBD screening questionnaire （RBDSQ） scores，RBD questionnaire-Hong Kong （RBDQ-HK） scores，polysomnography （PSG） parameters，24-hour urine copper （24 h U-Cu） levels，and non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper （NCC） levels between the two groups before and after treatment were compared，and adverse reactions were observed. ResultSixty trial cases were ultimately completed，with 30 cases in each group. Before treatment，there was no statistically significant difference in various indicators between the two groups， and thus they were comparable. Compared with those before treatment，the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores，RBDSQ scores and RBDQ-HK scores of the two groups were significantly reduced，the 24 h U-Cu levels were significantly increased，and the NCC levels were significantly reduced （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the control group， the observation group showed better improvement in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores， RBDSQ scores， RBDQ-HK scores， and NCC levels （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with those before treatment，the total sleep time （TST），sleep efficiency （SE），sleep/REM latency，the proportion of N1/N2/REM stages，arousal index （ARI），and proportion of phasic electromyographic activity （P-EMG-A） were significantly improved in both groups （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment，the observation group showed more significant improvements in the proportion of TST，SE，REM stages，ARI，and P-EMG-A proportion （P<0.05）. ConclusionGandou decoction can not only improve the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of WD patients with dampness heat accumulation accompanied by RBD but also alleviate their RBD symptoms.

The protective effect and mechanism of cornuside on diabetic nephropathy model mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of cornuside on diabetic nephropathy （DN） model mice. METHODS Male KK-Ay mice were fed with high-fat and high-sugar diet for two weeks to reproduce the DN model. The successfully modeled mice were randomly grouped into model group， aminoguanidine group （positive control，100 mg/kg） and cornuside group （100 mg/kg）， and male C57BL/6J mice were included as normal group， with 6 mice in each group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， and normal group and model group were given a constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 8 consecutive weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose （FBG）， 24 h urinary protein， serum interleukin-12 （IL-12）， IL-10， blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and serum creatinine （Scr） were detected； the pathological injury， fibrotic change and glomerular microstructure of renal tissue were observed； the expressions of the receptor of advanced glycation end products （RAGE）， collagen type Ⅳ （COL-Ⅳ） and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） in renal cortex were detected in each group. RESULTS Compared with normal group， the renal cortex of mice in model group showed obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrotic changes； the mesangial hyperplasia of glomerulus was serious and the basement membrane had a large number of irregular dark dense deposits； the levels of FBG and 24 h urinary protein， the serum levels of IL- 12， BUN and Scr， and the expression levels of RAGE， COL-Ⅳ and iNOS in the renal cortex were significantly increased， while the serum level of IL-10 was significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the renal pathological injuries， fibrotic changes and glomerular microstructure of mice in administration groups were improved significantly， and the above quantitative indexes were generally improved （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Cornuside has a certain protective effect on DN model mice. It can inhibit the inflammatory response， reduce urinary protein excretion， and alleviate renal fibrosis， which may be related to the inhibition of the advanced glycation end products/RAGE signaling pathway.

Optimal diagnosis and treatment for renal allograft fibrosis / 器官移植

Renal allograft fibrosis is one of the common and severe complications after kidney transplantation, which seriously affects the function and survival rate of renal allograft, and may even lead to organ failure and patient death. At present, the researches on renal allograft fibrosis are highly complicated, including immunity, ischemia-reperfusion injury, infection and drug toxicity, etc. The diagnosis and treatment of renal allograft fibrosis remain extremely challenging. In this article, the latest research progress was reviewed and the causes, novel diagnosis and treatment strategies for renal allograft fibrosis were investigated. By improving diagnostic accuracy and optimizing treatment regimen, it is expected to enhance clinical prognosis of kidney transplant recipients, aiming to provide reference for clinicians to deliver proper management for kidney transplant recipients.

Chemical Constituents， Pharmacological Effect， and Product Development of Eucommia ulmoides with Both Medicinal and Edible Values： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Eucommia ulmoides， a plant belonging to Eucommiaceae， has a history of medical use for over two thousand years in China. The dried bark and leaves of this plant are usually used as medicinal materials. Due to the high safety in clinical application， E. ulmoides leaves were officially recognized for both medicinal and edible use by the food safety evaluation in 2019， providing a valuable resource for the development of food and health products. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory， E. ulmoides has the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys， strengthening sinews and bones， and calming fetus. Modern research has shown that different parts such as the bark， leaves， flowers， and seeds of E. ulmoides contain similar chemical components， including phenylpropanoids， terpenoids， flavonoids， phenolic acids， steroids， and polysaccharides. E. ulmoides exhibits diverse pharmacological activities such as lowering blood pressure and blood lipid and glucose levels， preventing osteoporosis and possesses anti-tumor， anti-bacterial， antiviral， anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， and hepatoprotective effects. Therefore， it holds great potential for the development of products with both medicinal and edible values. This review systematically summarizes the chemical constituents， pharmacological activities， and representative medicinal and edible products of different parts of E. ulmoides. It is expected to provide theoretical references for the clinical application of E. ulmoides and its active components and the development and utilization of the products with both medicinal and edible values. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the medicinal properties of E. ulmoides and provides guidance for further exploration of its applications in the healthcare field. As a plant with both medicinal and edible values， E. ulmoides is expected to attract more attention in future research and contribute to human health.