[The changes of adipocytokines after surgery in OSAHS patients with insulin resistance].

Objective:To evaluate the changes of adipocytokines after surgery in OSAHS patients with insulin resistance.Method:Eighty-four OSAHS patients were enrolled in this study and divided into two group based on insulin resistance: IR group(n=52) and non-IR group(n=32). All patients received UPPP surgery. The levels of chemerin,visfatin and obestatin were measured before and one week after surgery.Result:Before surgery,the levels of chemerin,visfatin and HOMA-IR in IR group were higher than those in non-IR group,while level of obestatin was lower than those in non-IR group. One week after surgery,the level of obestatin in IR group was lower than those in non-IR group. The levels of chemerin,visfatin and HOMA-IR were decreased while obestatin increased after surgery. Correlation analysis showed that UPPP surgery was negatively related with △chemerin（r=-0.685，P<0.05）and △HOMA-IR（r=-0.622，P<0.05）.△HOMA-IR was positively associated with △chemerin（r=0.634，P<0.05）.Conclusion:The levels of chemerin,visfatin and obestatin are significantly improved after UPPP surgery. Level of chemerin seems to have a close relationship with IR.

Relationships in the Drosophila obscura species group, inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II sequences.

We compare the sequences for the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene of 13 species of the Drosophila obscura group. The survey includes six members of the D. affinis subgroup, four of the D. pseudoobscura subgroup, and three of the D. obscura subgroup. In all species, the gene is 688 nucleotides in length, encoding a protein of 229 amino acids plus the first position T of the stop codon. The sequences show the typical high-transition bias for closely related species, but that bias is essentially eliminated for species pairs of > 5% sequence divergence. The phylogenetic relationships in the species group are inferred using both neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony. The two procedures give comparable results, showing that the D. affinis and D. pseudoobscura subgroups are monophyletic groupings that appear to have closer affinities to one another than either has to the D. obscura subgroup. We use transversion distances to estimate times of divergence, on the basis of three different estimates of the time of separation of the D. obscura species group from the D. melanogaster group. If that event occurred 35 Mya, then we can estimate the origin of the nearctic forms at approximately 22 Mya and the separation of the D. affinis and D. pseudoobscura subgroups at approximately 17 Mya.