[Field control efficacy of 12 insecticides and five species of natural enemies to Thysanogyna limbata]. / 12种杀虫剂及5种天敌昆虫对梧桐木虱的田间控害评价.

Thysanogyna limbata is a pest on the landscape plant Firmiana platanifolia. In this study, we evaluated the control efficacy of twelve insecticides and five common natural enemies to T. limbata. The results showed that the control efficacy of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid to T. limbata was much better than other insecticides. For the three application methods evaluated (spraying, injection, and root-irrigation), the spraying method should be avoided and the injection performed better. If conditions permitted, root-irrigation method could be used as a supplementary method. Among the five natural enemies, Chrysoperla sinica and Lemnia saucia had the best control effect on T. limbata, which could replace insecticide in the long-term control effect. Therefore, C. sinica and L. saucia could be used as safe and environment-friendly pattern to prevent T. limbata in the medium- and long-term in the garden, whereas injection of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid could be used as a short-term and rapid treatment.

Wall shear stress in portal vein of cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension.

AIM: To investigate wall shear stress (WSS) magnitude and distribution in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension using computational fluid dynamics. METHODS: Idealized portal vein (PV) system models were reconstructed with different angles of the PV-splenic vein (SV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV)-SV. Patient-specific models were created according to enhanced computed tomography images. WSS was simulated by using a finite-element analyzer, regarding the blood as a Newtonian fluid and the vessel as a rigid wall. Analysis was carried out to compare the WSS in the portal hypertension group with that in healthy controls. RESULTS: For the idealized models, WSS in the portal hypertension group (0-10 dyn/cm2) was significantly lower than that in the healthy controls (10-20 dyn/cm2), and low WSS area (0-1 dyn/cm2) only occurred in the left wall of the PV in the portal hypertension group. Different angles of PV-SV and SMV-SV had different effects on the magnitude and distribution of WSS, and low WSS area often occurred in smaller PV-SV angle and larger SMV-SV angle. In the patient-specific models, WSS in the cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension (10.13 ± 1.34 dyn/cm2) was also significantly lower than that in the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Low WSS area often occurred in the junction area of SV and SMV into the PV, in the area of the division of PV into left and right PV, and in the outer wall of the curving SV in the control group. In the cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension, the low WSS area extended to wider levels and the magnitude of WSS reached lower levels, thereby being more prone to disturbed flow occurrence. CONCLUSION: Cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension show dramatic hemodynamic changes with lower WSS and greater potential for disturbed flow, representing a possible causative factor of PV thrombosis.

Cardiac Complications in 38 Cases of Kawasaki Disease with Coronary Artery Aneurysm Diagnosed by Echocardiography.

BACKGROUND: The long-term prognosis of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) complicated by coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the complications of KD with CAAs. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and complications of 38 KD patients with CAAs who were treated and underwent regular follow-up with echocardiography between January 1989 and May 2013. RESULTS: During a period of 29 days to 19 years after disease onset, complications seen included coronary stenosis and occlusion (six patients), thrombosis (17 patients), myocardial infarction (six patients), and calcification of CAAs (seven patients). Rupture of giant CAAs occurred in two patients and caused sudden death in one of these patients at 29 days and in the other patient at 5 months after disease onset. A total of seven deaths occurred, with five deaths caused by myocardial infarction. Three of these had undiagnosed incomplete KD or had not received regular treatment, while two experienced sudden death after several asymptomatic myocardial infarctions. CONCLUSION: Cardiac complications of KD with CAAs include thrombosis, coronary stenosis, myocardial infarction, sudden death, and calcification. Although rare, rupture of giant CAAs is fatal and might occur earlier after the onset of disease. Mortality occurred primarily in the earlier cases when anticoagulant therapy was insufficient and in patients who did not receive regular treatment. Echocardiography can provide reliable information for assessing the progression and prognosis of this condition.