Valsalva retinopathy as a complication of colonoscopy.

Case report of a 44-year-old man who presented to the Long Island College Hospital in Brooklyn with complaints of a central scotoma and blurred vision in the right eye, which occurred while he was having a routine colonoscopy. The patient reported experiencing pain during the procedure. The funduscopic examination revealed a dumb-bell shaped hemorrhage in the fovea of the right eye. A diagnosis of valsalva retinopathy was made based on history and funduscopic examination. The hemorrhage resolved within a month without any sequelae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of valsalva retinopathy following a routine colonoscopy.

The role of lateral premotor-cerebellar-parietal circuits in motor sequence control: a parametric fMRI study.

Functional characterisation of higher order motor systems can be obtained by modulating the processing demands imposed onto relevant motor circuitries. Here we performed whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and parametric statistical analyses in eight healthy volunteers to study task-related recruitment of motor circuits associated with unilateral finger movement sequences of increasing length and complexity, but with equal basic motor parameters. Statistical parametric mapping software was applied for analysis. Categorical analysis of the main effect of motor action showed cerebral activation in the established cortical and subcortical motor network. Parametric analyses of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast revealed significant signal increases correlating to sequence length and complexity in a subset of activated areas, notably contralateral ventral and dorsal premotor cortex, bilateral superior parietal cortex, left inferior frontal gyrus/Broca's area, right dentate nucleus, and left visual association cortex. These data underscore the importance of ventral premotor-cerebellar-parietal circuits in processing length and complexity of sequential finger movements.