Correction: Effects of extruded whole-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) based diets on calcium absorption and bone health of growing Wistar rats.

Correction for 'Effects of extruded whole-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) based diets on calcium absorption and bone health of growing Wistar rats' by María Gimena Galán et al., Food Funct., 2020, 11, 508-513, DOI: 10.1039/C9FO01817D.

Refined sorghum flours precooked by extrusion enhance the integrity of the colonic mucosa barrier and promote a hepatic antioxidant environment in growing Wistar rats.

The effects of precooked-refined sorghum flour consumption on antioxidant status, lipid profile, and colonic and bone health were evaluated. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed with control diet (C), or red or white precooked-refined sorghum based diets (SD) for 60 days. The intake of SD was lower than that of C, but the efficiency of all diets was similar. Rats fed with SD showed lower feces excretion, cecal pH and enzyme activities (ß-glucosidase, ß-glucuronidase and mucinase) than C. White SD improved intestinal architecture, cell proliferation and apoptosis, upregulated ZO1 and occludin tight junction proteins and stimulated goblet cell differentiation, enhancing the integrity of the mucosa barrier in both proximal and distal colonic mucosa in a better way than red SD. Consumption of SD significantly decreased serum triglyceride levels compared with the C diet. The mineral content of the right femur was not different among diets. The liver enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase) did not show differences among diets. Liver reducing power and reduced glutathione/oxidize glutathione ratio were higher for animals consuming SD than C. It can be concluded that the consumption of precooked refined sorghum flours still has beneficial effects for health, mainly at the colonic level, despite the lower phenolics and fibre contents of refined flours with respect to whole grain flours.

Effects of extruded whole-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) based diets on calcium absorption and bone health of growing Wistar rats.

Apparent calcium absorption, total bone mineral content and density, and mineral contents of the right femur were studied using a growing rat model. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed with diets based on extruded whole grain red (RSD) or white sorghum (WSD), and control diet (CD) up to 60 days. The animals fed with sorghum diets consumed less and gained less weight compared to those fed with CD, but the efficiency of all diets was similar. Calcium intake was lower in animals fed with sorghum diets, related to the lower total intake of these animals. Apparent calcium absorption in animals fed with RSD was lower than in those fed with CD (CD: 72.7%, RSD: 51.0%, WSD: 64.8%). No significant differences in bone mineral density of total body, spin, femur, distal femur, tibia and proximal tibia were observed among the groups. However, Ca and P contents in the right femur of the rats consuming RSD were lower, indicating a certain imbalance in the metabolism of these minerals.

Modification of nutritional properties of whole rice flours (Oryza sativa L.) by soaking, germination, and extrusion.

Modifications of nutritional properties (amino acids, available lysine, protein digestibility, fatty acids, fiber, inositol phosphate (IPs), free and bound phenolics, and antioxidant properties) of whole rice ingredients processed by soaking, germination, and/or extrusion cooking were evaluated. Soaking and germination reduced proteins by lixiviation and hydrolysis, respectively. Lysine was the limiting amino acid. Polyunsaturated fatty acids increased after germination. Protein digestibility was 100% for germinated rice, decreased to 75% after the extrusion process. Fiber content decreased around 73% after the extrusion of soaked and germinated flours. Soaking-extrusion combined processes produces >50% IPs reduction. Germination-extrusion produced flours with the highest antioxidant capacity (54 µmol trolox g-1 ), which was in accordance with the highest content of free and bound phenolics (66 and 69 mg GA 100 g-1 , respectively). Grain treatments changed nutritional properties of flours resulting in low antinutrient whole grain ingredients, which could be used to develop whole grain-based foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Phytic acid (PA) is an antinutrient having negative effects on mineral bioavailability and protein digestibility. There are processes such as soaking, germination, and extrusion, which alone or combined can decrease PA. However, nutritional composition and functionality of flours can change. We observed PA was highly reduced by soaking or germination combined with extrusion and antioxidant capacity and phenolic content increased in germinated and germinated-extruded flours compared to the other treatments. These modified whole grain rice flours low in anti-nutrients could be used in the production of expanded products or pre-cooked ingredients to develop whole grain based foods nutritionally improved.

Effects of the intake of white wheat bread added with garlic and resistant starch: action on calcium bioavailability and metabolic parameters of growing Wistar rats.

Wheat bread is a widely consumed food and is suitable for the introduction of functional ingredients. The aim of this work was to study the effects of bread with garlic and resistant starch as a fiber source on physiological, metabolic, and functional parameters using an in vivo Wistar rat model. Rats were fed with three diets: a control diet prepared according to the American Institute of Nutrition (C), and two semisynthetic diets containing wheat bread (B) and wheat bread with garlic, resistant starch and calcium citrate (BGR). Fresh feces were weighed and lactobacilli (L) and Enterobacteriaceae (E) were analyzed at different times: 1, 20, 45 and 60 days. The pH of the caecal content was recorded and at the end of the study changes in the bone mineral density of total skeleton (ts BMD), femur (F-BMD), spine (S-BMD) and tibia (T-BMD) were determined. Lipoprotein profile was assessed, atherogenic indexes were calculated and malonaldehyde content was measured in the serum and liver. In relation to gut microbiota, the BGR group showed an increase in the L/E ratio with respect to the other groups which was correlated with a lower cecal pH. Besides, the BGR group presented lower weight and a more favourable metabolic profile. In relation to bone measurements, the BGR group presented higher values of ts BMC, ts BMD, F-BMD, and T-BMD than the B group. Thus, bread with resistant starch, garlic and calcium citrate showed a prebiotic effect increasing calcium bioavailability and deposition in bones, compared with wheat bread. The observed beneficial health effects allow us to consider the design of healthier breads.

Colonic and systemic effects of extruded whole-grain sorghum consumption in growing Wistar rats.

Colonic effects of extruded whole-grain sorghum diets were evaluated using a model of growing rats. In all, twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed control (C), extruded white sorghum (EWS) or red sorghum (ERS). Consumption of sorghum diets showed satiety properties, with reduction of caecal pH, and lower activity of ß-glucosidase and ß-glucuronidase enzymes. Decreased copper zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese superoxide dismutase and increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels were observed in colonic mucosa. The induction of antioxidant enzymes occurred through the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protein and its subsequent translocation into the nucleus. ERS was able to decrease the proliferation of proximal mucosa of colon, demonstrating a possible effect against colorectal tumourigenesis. EWS increased proliferation and also apoptosis, ensuring the re-establishment of homoeostasis of the colonic mucosa. No antioxidant systemic effect (serum or hepatic level) was observed. It is likely that despite the extrusion the low bioavailability of the phenolic compounds of sorghum diets caused them to exert mainly acute effects at the colon level. Extruded whole-grain sorghum is a good functional ingredient that might be promising in dietary prevention of intestinal diseases.

α-Galactosides present in lupin flour affect several metabolic parameters in Wistar rats.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of α-galactosides present in a lupin diet on metabolic parameters in growing Wistar rats. Lupin (Lupinus albus) is a rich source of non-digestible carbohydrates called α-galactosides whose beneficial health effects have been widely reported. For our investigation, twenty male Wistar rats were fed with two different diets: control (C) and lupin flour (L) for a 60-day period. The fermentation of these α-galactosides was monitored by measuring the following indicators: changes in the dynamic lactobacilli and enterobacteriaceae population, cecal content pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), Ca and P absorption, and serum lipid (triglycerides and cholesterol) contents. The body weight was lower in the L diet than that in the control with significant differences (p < 0.05). The microbial analyses showed an increase of total lactobacilli counts and a decrease of enterobacteriaceae counts in the L diet when compared to the control, with significant differences (p < 0.05). The fermentations of α-galactosides were also confirmed by decrease in pH levels and the formation of relevant SCFA in the cecal content. The total content of SCFA (µmol per g) at the end of the assay period reached values of 13.58 and 3.64 for L and C rats, respectively. This significant increase of total SCFA in the L diet is responsible for a low pH of the cecal content that in turn prevents the growth and development of potentially pathogenic bacteria (p < 0.05). Regarding lipids, serum triglycerides and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in the case of animals fed with lupin flour with respect to C animals (p < 0.05). Finally, the L rats showed higher values of an apparent Ca absorption percentage and bone volume percentage with respect to the C animals (p < 0.05). All these results confirm that lupin flour which contains α-galactosides could possibly be considered as a functional ingredient with health promoting properties.

Extruded whole grain diets based on brown, soaked and germinated rice. Effects on cecum health, calcium absorption and bone parameters of growing Wistar rats. Part I.

The influence of diets with whole rice processed ingredients on cecum health, calcium absorption and bone parameters was studied using an animal model. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were fed with Control (C), extruded Brown rice (B), extruded Soaked whole rice (S) and extruded Germinated whole rice (G) diets for 60 days. The cecum weight, cecal content pH, cecal sIgA content, and ß-glucosidase and ß-glucuronidase activities were determined. Calcium apparent absorption, total bone mineral content and density and right femur parameters (ashes, organic content, calcium and P) were evaluated. The results showed that animals fed with whole grain diets have lower food intake in comparison with the C diet, and decreased cecal content pH (7.06 vs. 6.33) and ß-glucosidase activity (1.66 vs. 0.21 µmol p-nitrophenol g(-1) cc h(-1)). Even though calcium apparent absorption was not different among treatments (∼70%), none of the whole grain diets improved calcium related bone parameters over the control fed rats (cellulose as dietary fibre).

Extruded whole grain diets based on brown, soaked and germinated rice. Effects on the lipid profile and antioxidant status of growing Wistar rats. Part II.

The influence of whole grain (WG) rice based diets on the lipid profile and antioxidant status was evaluated. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were fed with Control (C), extruded Brown rice (B), extruded Soaked whole rice (S) and extruded Germinated whole rice (G) diets for 60 days. Triacylglycerols (TAGs), cholesterol and malondialdehyde equivalent (MDA eq.) in serum and liver were determined. Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Reductase (GR) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities and Glutathione Reduced (GSH) and Oxidized (GSSG) in the liver were analyzed. Animals consuming B and S diets presented lower body weight gain. All WG diets reduced TAGs in serum and MDA eq. content in liver in comparison with the C diet. WG rice diets improved the redox status in animals mainly fed G due to their higher GR activity and GSH/GSSG ratio.

Effects of extruded whole maize, polydextrose and cellulose as sources of fibre on calcium bioavailability and metabolic parameters of growing Wistar rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of diets with different types of fibres on Ca bioavailability and metabolic parameters in growing Wistar rats. Twenty four male Wistar rats were fed with 3 different diets: control (C), polydextrose (PD), and extruded whole maize (M) during a 60 day period. Apparent Ca absorption percentage (%Ca Abs), total skeleton bone mineral content (t BMC), total bone mineral density (t BMD), femur (F), spine (S) and tibia (T) BMD, cecum weight, and pH were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid (TG and cholesterol) contents in serum and liver were also evaluated. The results showed that rats fed with M and PD had the same cecum weight, but higher than that of C (1.53 ± 0.02 vs. 0.94 ± 0.01). There was moderate acidification of the cecal content in rats fed with M compared to C (pH 5.93 vs. 6.98) and the fecal weight was 1.06 ± 0.02, 3.07 ± 0.03 and 4.81 ± 0.05 for PD, M and C, respectively. There were significant differences in %Ca Abs between PD and C (87.57 ± 1.20 vs. 71.10 ± 1.11). The PD group had the highest values of F-BMD, S-BMD, and T-BMD, but there were no differences between M and C groups. Regarding lipids, there was a significant lowering effect in the M liver triglycerides content. Moreover, liver MDA levels significantly decreased with M and PD diets. The consumption of PD and grain fibres can exert some beneficial gastrointestinal effects such as lowering of the pH, hepatic TG and MDA content related to fibre colon fermentation.

Effect of dietary calcium (Ca) on body composition and Ca metabolism during growth in genetically obese (ß) male rats.

INTRODUCTION: Obese ß rats may be a suitable model to evaluate the association between calcium intake (CaI) and obesity during growth. OBJECTIVE: The present study comparatively evaluated Ca absorption and retention, and changes in body composition in spontaneously genetically obese (ß) male rats fed three different dietary Ca levels: high 0.9% (HCa); normal: 0.5% (NCa); low: 0.2% (LCa). METHODS: Pregnant rats were fed isocaloric diets which varied in Ca content only. Male pups continued feeding the same maternal diet until postnatal day 60. The percentage of Apparent Ca absorption (CaA %), Ca balance (CaB), body composition, glucose, triglycerides (TGL), and insulin levels were evaluated. RESULTS: Food consumption and body weight (BW) were higher in Group LCa than in Groups NCa and HCa (p < 0.01); no differences were observed between the latter two groups. Group LCa presented the highest body fat, liver weight, perigonadal and retroperitoneal fat (p < 0.05); conversely, body ashes and total skeleton bone mineral content were significantly lower compared with animals in both the NCa (p < 0.01) and HCa groups (p < 0.01). CaB (mg/day) reached a plateau at the highest CaI (mg/day) value (r = 0.985, p < 0.001). CaA%, serum glucose, insulin, and TGL levels rose as CaI decreased (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although further studies are required, low Ca consumption in this strain of rats could modulate BW inducing changes in several lipid metabolism parameters, which in turn lead to an increase in body fat.

Polydextrose Enhances Calcium Absorption and Bone Retention in Ovariectomized Rats.

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of polydextrose (PDX) on Ca bioavailability and prevention of loss of bone mass. Methods. Twenty-four two-month-old ovariectomized rats were fed three isocaloric diets only varied in fiber source and content up to 60 days (FOS group, a commercial mixture of short- and long-chain fructooligosaccharide, OVX group fed AIN 93 diet, and PDX group). A SHAM group was included as control. Apparent Ca absorption percentage (%ABS), changes in total skeleton bone mineral content (tsBMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) and femur BMD, % Bone Volume, Ca and organic femur content, caecal weight, and pH were evaluated. Results. %ABS and caecum weight of PDX and FOS were higher, and caecum pH was lower compared to OVX and SHAM. PDX reached a higher pH and lower caecum weight than FOS possibly because PDX is not completely fermented in the colon. Changes in tsBMC and femur BMD in FOS and PDX were significant lower than SHAM but significantly higher than OVX. % Bone Volume and femur % of Ca in PDX were significantly higher than OVX and FOS but lower than SHAM. Conclusions. PDX increased Ca absorption and prevented bone loss in OVX rats.

Niveles de zinc en plasma y glóbulo rojo en estudiantes universitarias / Plasmatic and erythrocyte zinc levels in university students

Introduction: According to the National Nutrition and Health Survey of Argentina, 33 ,5 percent of women aged 14 to 49 years old could have alow zinc intake. Nevertheless, there is no information about the biochemical evaluation of zinc nutritional status in women at a reproductive age. Objective: To carry out an exploratory survey in order to study three biochemical parameters: zinc in plasma (ZnP), zinc in erythrocyte (ZnE) and the relationship zinc I Hemoglobin (Hb) in a group of female university students. Methods: The sample included 48 university students without pathologies who accepted to participate in the survey. Participants were evaluated by anthropometric measurements and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Fasting blood samples were obtained and plasma Zn and erythrocyte Zn levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The group had a mean +/- standard deviation of 22,3 +/- 3,3 years and the anthropometric characteristics were: weight (kg)...

Introducción: en Argentina es muy escasa la información bioquímica respecto al estado nutritional con respecto al zinc (Zn) en mujeres en edad fértil. Según la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud el 33,5 por ciento de las mujeres de 10 a 49 años presentan una ingesta inadecuada. Objetivos: La finalidad de este trabajo exploratorio fue estudiar el comportamiento de tres indicadores bioquímicos: Zn en plasma (ZnP), Zn en eritrocito (ZnE) y la relación Zn/Hb en un grupo de estudiantes universitarias. Métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por 48 estudiantes universitarias clínicamente sanas, que aceptaron ser incluidas en el estudio. Se les realizó una evaluación antropométrica mediante la determinación del IMC. Se les extrajo sangre venosa en ayunas, determinando ZnP y ZnE por espectofotometría de absorción atómica. Resultados: El grupo estudiado presentó una edad promedio de 22.3 +/- 3.3 años y las siguientes características antropométricas (Media +/- DE): peso (kg): 56.0 +/- 6.8; talla (m): 1.62 +/- 0,05; IMC (kg/m2):21.3 +/- 2.2. Las estadísticas descriptivas: media +/- DE, (IC 95 por ciento) y...

Zinc plasmático, cobre sérico y zinc y cobre eritrocitarios en adultos sanos de Buenos Aires / Plasmatic zinc, serum copper and erythrocyte zinc and copper levels in healthy adult people living in Buenos Aires

Se estudiaron adultos, clínicamente sanos, 21 varones (V) y 19 mujeres (M), de: edad (años): V: 48±14 (28-78); M: 41±14 (23-66); Índice de masa corporal (kg/m²): V: 26,7±2,3 (23,1-31,9); M: 22,2±3,5 (19,3-29,6). Se realizó una encuesta nutricional y se extrajo sangre en ayunas. Se realizaron las determinaciones de rutina del laboratorio clínico. Se determinó zinc en plasma (ZnPl), cobre en suero (CuS); en eritrocitos: Zinc (ZnGR) y cobre (CuGR), por espectrometría de absorción atómica. La totalidad de los V y M presentaron ingestas adecuadas de energía, proteínas, Zn y Cu. Los resultados expresados como: promedio ± desvío estándar y rangos fueron: ZnPl (μg/dL): V: 93±27 (49-161); M: 79±28 (42-157); ZnGR (μg/dL): V: 1.380±210 (1.110-2.010); M: 1.350±130 (1.090-1.520); CuS (μg/dL): V: 89±20 (40- 122); M: 93±28 (45-157). CuGR (μg/dL): V: 59±12 (37-78); M: 63±19 (30- 110). No se evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre V y M. Los resultados para la población estudiada fueron, percentilos 5 y 95, respectivamente: ZnPl: 49 a 131 μg/dL; ZnGR: 1.130 a 1.610 μg/dL; Zn/Hb: 34,4 a 47,5 μg/g; CuS: 45 a 124 μg/dL; CuGR: 36 a 78 μg/dL. Los valores de ZnPl y CuS se encuadraron dentro de los rangos de valores de referencia internacionales, sin diferencias significativas de acuerdo con el género.

Two groups of adult healthy people were studied: 21 males (M) and 19 females (F). Mean age (ys) was: M: 48±14 (28-78); F: 41±14 (23-66); body mass index (Kg/m²) was: M: 26.7±2.3 (23.1-31.9); F: 22.2±3.5 (19.3-29.6). A nutritional survey was recorded and mean daily intake of energy, protein, Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) were calculated. Fasting blood samples were obtained in order to determine Hemoglobin (Hb), plasmatic Zn (PlZn), serum Cu (SCu), erythrocyte Zn (EZn) and erythrocyte Cu (ECu) levels. Zn and Cu were determined by AAS. Results were: mean±SD and ranges: PlZn (μg/dL): M: 93±27 (49-161); F: 79±28 (42-157); EZn (μg/dL): M: 1380±210 (1110-2010); F: 1350±130 (1090-1520); SCu (μg/dL): M: 89±20 (40-122); F: 93±28 (45-157). ECu (μg/dL): M: 59±12 (37-78); F: 63±19 (30-110). All individuals presented adequate intake of energy, protein, Zn and Cu. There were no significant differences between M and F for PlZn, EZn, Zn/Hb ratio, SCu and ECu. The results for the adult healthy population in Argentina, and which were in accordance with the international published values were: (percentiles 5 y 95, respectively): PlZn: 49 - 131 μg/dL; EZn: 1130 - 1610 μg/dL; Zn/Hb: 34,4 - 47,5 μg/g; SCu: 45 - 124 μg/dL; ECu: 36 - 78 μg/dL.

Zinc en sangre durante la gestación y su relación con la ingesta de calcio / No disponible

Fundamentos: estudiar los niveles de Zn en sangre (ZnSE)durante la gestación y la influencia de la ingesta de calcio.Métodos: 85 gestantes, clínicamente sanas (22,0 ± 6,0años), atendidas en un Hospital del Gran Buenos Airesdesde la edad gestacional de 19,6 ± 6,6 semanas (To).Se calculó la ingesta de calcio (ICa) y de Zinc (IZn) y sedividieron en grupos que recibieron diariamente 600 mgde calcio de : leche en polvo (GL, n=20); citrato de calcio(GCit, n=12) ó carbonato de calcio (GCar, n=27). Ungrupo no aceptó tratamiento (GNs, n=26). A To, al finaldel segundo trimestre (T1) y a Tf (34,7 ± 2,8 semanas)se determinó en sangre entera: hemoglobina (Hb) y Zn.Resultados: promedio ± DE (mg/d): To: ICa: 579 ± 382;IZn: 6,5 ± 2,8.ZnSE (μg/mL), a To y T1, no presentó diferencias significativasentre los cuatro grupos. Sin embargo, a Tf, GL disminuyósignificativamente (4,06 ± 1,08) (p<0,0001) en relación aGNs (5,64 ± 0,63), GCit (6,58 ± 0,98) y GCar (6,47 ± 0,60).Conclusiones: el calcio lácteo disminuyó los valores de ZnSEdurante la gestación, sugiriendo interacción Zn-Ca, mientrasque el del citrato y carbonato no presentaron ese efecto(AU)

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the inluenceof dietary calcium during pregnancy on Zn levels in maternalwhole blood (ZnWB).Methods: A group of 85 healthy pregnant women (meanage: 22,0 ± 6,0 years) were evaluated at “Diego Paroissien”Hospital since gestational age of: 19,6 ± 6,6 weeks (To) to,34,7 ± 2,8 weeks (Tf). At To mean daily dietary intake ofcalcium (CaI) and zinc (ZnI) was calculated. Women weredivided into three groups consuming daily a supplementof 600 mg of calcium as dried whole milk (GM, n=20);calcium citrate (GCit, n=12) or calcium carbonate (GCar,n=27). A group didn’t accepted any treatment (GNt n=26).At To, T1 (end of 2º trimester) and Tf, hemoglobin andZnWB was determined.Results: Mean ± SD (mg/d): To: CaI: 579 ± 382; ZnI:6,5 ± 2,8. At To and T1 there were no significant differencesin ZWB; however, at Tf, GM decreased significantlyregarding the GNt, GCit and GCar groups (4,06 ± 1,08 vs5,64 ± 0,63; 6,58 ± 0,98; 6,47 ± 0,60, respectively;p< 0.0001).Conclusions: This study shows that milk calcium intake, butnot calcium citrate and calcium carbonate, decreased ZnWBduring pregnancy, suggesting Zn-Ca interaction(AU)

Zinc deficiency during growth: influence on renal function and morphology.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of moderate zinc deficiency during growth on renal morphology and function in adult life. Weaned male Wistar rats were divided into two groups and fed either a moderately zinc-deficient diet (zinc: 8 mg/kg, n=12) or a control diet (zinc: 30 mg/kg, n=12) for 60 days. We evaluated: renal parameters, NADPH-diaphorase and nitric oxide synthase activity in kidney, renal morphology and apoptotic cells in renal cortex. Zinc-deficient rats showed a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and no changes in sodium and potassium urinary excretion. Zinc deficiency decreased NADPH diaphorase activity in glomeruli and tubular segment of nephrons, and reduced activity of nitric oxide synthase in the renal medulla and cortex, showing that zinc plays an important role in preservation of the renal nitric oxide system. A reduction in nephron number, glomerular capillary area and number of glomerular nuclei in cortical and juxtamedullary areas was observed in zinc deficient kidneys. Sirius red staining and immunostaining for alpha-smooth muscle-actin and collagen III showed no signs of fibrosis in the renal cortex and medulla. An increase in the number of apoptotic cells in distal tubules and cortical collecting ducts neighboring glomeruli and, to a lesser extent, in the glomeruli was observed in zinc deficient rats. The major finding of our study is the emergence of moderate zinc deficiency during growth as a potential nutritional factor related to abnormalities in renal morphology and function that facilitates the development of cardiovascular and renal diseases in adult life.

Efecto de la suplementación con hierro sobre el zinc en sangre y en orina, en mujeres gestantes: estudio preliminar / Effect of iron supplementation on blood and urinary zinc in a group of pregnant women: preliminary study

Se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación con Fe sobre la variación del Zn sanguíneo y urinario en 36 mujeres, clínicamente sanas, atendidas durante la gestación en el Hospital D. Paroissien (La Matanza, Buenos Aires). A la primera consulta (To) (edad gestacional: 17 ± 3 semanas) se realizó una encuesta de recordatorio de 24 hs., calculando la ingesta de Zn (lZn); se determinó en sangre entera, extraída en ayunas: Zn (ZnS) (espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, EAA) y Hemoglobina (Hb); en suero: ferritina (ELISA); en orina basal (la segunda de la mañana, con ayuno de líquidos y sólidos): Zn (EAA) y Creatinina (Crea), método de Jaffé. Las gestantes con Hb < 11 g/dL y aquellas con Hb > 11 g/dL, pero con ferritina < 12 ng/mL (Gfe, n =13) recibieron 100 mg/día de Fe (maltosato férrico); las mujeres con Hb > 11 g/dL y ferritina > 12 ng/mL constituyeron el grupo control (GC, n = 23). A las semanas 26 ± 2 (T1) y 35 ± 2 (Tf) se repitieron las determinaciones de laboratorio. Los promedios ± DE fueron, para GC y GFe, respectivamente: To: lZn (mg/día): 5,7 ± 2,3; 6,6 ± 4,2 (ns); Hb (g/dL):12,4 ± 0,9; 11,0 ± 1,0 (p<0,05); ferritina (ng/mL): 100 ± 81; 54 ± 40 (p <0,05); ZnS (mg/d/L): 528 ± 81; 545 ± 116; Zn/Crea (mg/g): 0,53 ± 0,34; 0,42 ± 0,33; T1; Hb(g/dL): 11,1 ± 1,3; 10,0 ± 1,4; ferritina }(ng/mL): 106 ± 108; 11 ± 3 (p < 0,05); ZnS (ug/dl): 506 ± 77; 517 ± 111; Zn/Crea (mg/g): 0,52 ± 0,16; 0,48 ± 0,23; Tf: Hb (g/dL): 10,5 ± 1,5; 10,5 ± 1,3; ferritina (ng/mL): 16 ± 12; 14 ± 9 (ns); ZnS (mg/dl): 569 ± 99; 545 ± 90; Zn/Crea (mg/g): 0,50 ± 0,10; 0,61 ± 0,29. No existieron diferencias significativas en ZnS ni en Zn/crea entre GC y GFe a To ni durante el estudio. Estos resultados indican que la administración de suplementos de Fe alejada de las comidas no afecta los niveles de Zn eritrocitario ni la eliminación urinaria basal durante la gestación en los rangos de ingesta de Zn del presente estudio.

Efecto de la suplementación con hierro sobre el zinc en sangre y en orina, en mujeres gestantes: estudio preliminar / Effect of iron supplementation on blood and urinary zinc in a group of pregnant women: preliminary study

Se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación con Fe sobre la variación del Zn sanguíneo y urinario en 36 mujeres, clínicamente sanas, atendidas durante la gestación en el Hospital D. Paroissien (La Matanza, Buenos Aires). A la primera consulta (To) (edad gestacional: 17 ± 3 semanas) se realizó una encuesta de recordatorio de 24 hs., calculando la ingesta de Zn (lZn); se determinó en sangre entera, extraída en ayunas: Zn (ZnS) (espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, EAA) y Hemoglobina (Hb); en suero: ferritina (ELISA); en orina basal (la segunda de la mañana, con ayuno de líquidos y sólidos): Zn (EAA) y Creatinina (Crea), método de Jaffé. Las gestantes con Hb < 11 g/dL y aquellas con Hb > 11 g/dL, pero con ferritina < 12 ng/mL (Gfe, n =13) recibieron 100 mg/día de Fe (maltosato férrico); las mujeres con Hb > 11 g/dL y ferritina > 12 ng/mL constituyeron el grupo control (GC, n = 23). A las semanas 26 ± 2 (T1) y 35 ± 2 (Tf) se repitieron las determinaciones de laboratorio. Los promedios ± DE fueron, para GC y GFe, respectivamente: To: lZn (mg/día): 5,7 ± 2,3; 6,6 ± 4,2 (ns); Hb (g/dL):12,4 ± 0,9; 11,0 ± 1,0 (p<0,05); ferritina (ng/mL): 100 ± 81; 54 ± 40 (p <0,05); ZnS (mg/d/L): 528 ± 81; 545 ± 116; Zn/Crea (mg/g): 0,53 ± 0,34; 0,42 ± 0,33; T1; Hb(g/dL): 11,1 ± 1,3; 10,0 ± 1,4; ferritina }(ng/mL): 106 ± 108; 11 ± 3 (p < 0,05); ZnS (ug/dl): 506 ± 77; 517 ± 111; Zn/Crea (mg/g): 0,52 ± 0,16; 0,48 ± 0,23; Tf: Hb (g/dL): 10,5 ± 1,5; 10,5 ± 1,3; ferritina (ng/mL): 16 ± 12; 14 ± 9 (ns); ZnS (mg/dl): 569 ± 99; 545 ± 90; Zn/Crea (mg/g): 0,50 ± 0,10; 0,61 ± 0,29. No existieron diferencias significativas en ZnS ni en Zn/crea entre GC y GFe a To ni durante el estudio. Estos resultados indican que la administración de suplementos de Fe alejada de las comidas no afecta los niveles de Zn eritrocitario ni la eliminación urinaria basal durante la gestación en los rangos de ingesta de Zn del presente estudio.(AU)

Aceptabilidad y calidad nutricional de una bebida a base de zumo de naranja y suero de leche: conservando con calor o campos eléctricos pulsados de alta intensidad / Acceptability and nutritional quality of beverage based on orange juice and whey powder: preserved by heat or high-intensity pulsed electric fields (HIPEF)

El zumo de naranja puede ser vehículo de nutrientes para mejorar la calidad de una dieta, pero es preciso que tenga buena aceptabilidad. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: a) estudiar la aceptabilidad de bebidas preparadas a partir de zumo de naranja (Z) con agregado de suero lácteo en polvo (SL) al 7 por ciento (Z+SL) ó al 13 por ciento (Z+SL13); evaluar el contenido de lisina disponible y la retención de ácido ascórbico, del preparado de mayor aceptación, comparando el efecto del tratamiento de Campos Eléctricos Pulsados De Alta Intensidad (CEPAI) )29 kV/cm,t acum:59µs) con un proceso térmico convencional a 75°C, 15 minutos (TT). Las bebidas se sometieron a una evaluación sensorial (test de Friedman). Se determinó lisina disponible por el método de Carpenter modificado por Booth y vitamina C por HPLC; minerales: Na y K, por fotometría de llama; Ca, Mg y Zn por espectromía de absroción atómica. No hubo diferencias significativas entre la aceptación de Z y Z+SL7. La de Z+SL13 fue significativamente menor (p<0,01), por lo cual se descartó. El contenido de lisina disponible (mg/g de proteína) en Z+SL7 sin tratar fue 60,2±0,15; después de los tratamientos fue: 50,0±2,8 (TT) y 51,0±3,4 (CEPAI). Los productos Z y (Z+SL7) tratados con CEPAI retuvieron 100 y 98 por ciento de vitamina C, y los sometidos a TT, 91 por ciento y 88 por ciento respectivamente. La cantidad agregada de suero lácteo condicionó la acpetabilidad. La formulación de la bebida a base de zumo de naranja con 7 por ciento de suero lácteo tuvo buena aceptación y, después del tratamiento con CEPAI, retuvo una buena calidad nutricional, en relación al contenido de lisina disponible y vitamina C, costituyendo una fuente importante de algunos nutrientes minerales

Influence of maternal dietary calcium levels on milk zinc, calcium and phosphorus contents and milk production in rats.

The aim of this study was to analyze zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents in milk and the lactational performance in rats fed different Ca levels. Female Wistar rats were fed during pregnancy and lactation with experimental diets containing 20% protein and high (0.90%, HCa), normal (0.60%, NCa) or low (0.20%, LCa) Ca levels. Milk samples were collected after 15 days to determine the milk mineral composition. Pup weight was recorded from birth to weaning (litter size: 6-8 pups) to determine weight gain and calculate milk production. At delivery there were no significant differences in the body weight of the pups between the groups, but at day 15, the LCa group showed lower values than both NCa and HCa groups (p<0.05). The weight gain of the LCa group was significantly lower than of the HCa and NCa groups, between delivery and day 5 (p<0.05). This reduced rate of weight gain led to the LCa group reaching weaning weight later than the other groups. Milk production (g/pup/day) was significantly lower when dams were fed the LCa than the NCa and HCa diets (p<0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups in milk Ca, P and Zn levels and Ca/P ratio. The body mineral composition of the pups at birth did not differ between the groups; at weaning, however, both LCa and HCa groups had lower element contents than the NCa group (p<0.05). In conclusion, dams fed with a diet containing low Ca levels produced smaller volumes of milk and their pups reached weaning weights later than the other groups. As the milk mineral composition was not affected, it can be hypothesized that in dams fed low dietary Ca, the smaller milk yield might have been a way of maintaining milk quality. High Ca levels affected neither pregnancy outcome nor lactational performance.