A new optical probe for the detection of the sentinel lymph node using patent blue V dye in breast cancer: A preliminary study.

The present study presents a novel near-infrared optical probe for the sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in breast cancer patients, based on the recording of scattered photons. The aim of this study was to improve the detection of patent blue V (PBV), a dye routinely injected during clinical practice. A combined injection of the dye and radioactive colloid was used in the 24 patients enrolled in the study. The clinical results of the ex vivo detection of 70 dye-marked SLNs are reported, subsequent to the injection of various quantities of PBV (0.25-2 ml). The accuracy and success rate of an isotopic probe for the detection of radioactive colloid tracer, the eye visibility threshold of the surgeon and the use of a new optical probe were examined. The radio-labeled and dye-marked sentinel lymph nodes were all detected by the radio-isotopic probe, as opposed to the 75% detected by the eye visibility threshold of the surgeon. The optical probe detected all of the nodes, regardless of the volume of the dye injected. The relative PBV concentration computed by the probe facing SLNs with infravisible/visually undetectable dye-mark was relatively constant at 5.5±1.4 µmol/l. The optical detection of the sentinel lymph nodes using PBV and the probe presented in this study have the potential to reduce the false negative detection rate. This instrument is likely to provide surgeons with a simple diagnostic tool, without significantly changing their surgical procedures.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.

Alternative therapies have been sought to alleviate mutilation and morbidity associated with surgery for vulvar neoplasms. Our prime objective was to assess tumor absence in pathological vulvar and nodal specimens following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced vulvar neoplasms. Data were retrospectively collected from January 2001 to May 2009 from 22 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Neoadjuvant treatment consisted of inguino-pelvic radiotherapy (50 Gy) in association with chemotherapy when possible. Surgery occurred at intervals of between 5 to 8 weeks. The median age of patients at diagnosis was 74.1 years. All patients were primarily treated with radiotherapy and 15 received a concomitant chemotherapy. Additionally, all patients underwent radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguino-femoral lymphadenectomy. Tumor absence in the vulvar and nodal pathological specimens was achieved for 6 (27%) patients, while absence in the vulvar pathological specimens was only achieved for 10 (45.4%) patients. Postoperative follow-up revealed breakdown of groin wounds, vulvar wounds and chronic lymphedema in 3 (14.3%), 7 (31.8%) and 14 cases (63.6%), respectively. Within a median follow-up time of 2.3 years [interquartile range (IQR), 0.6-4.6], 12 (54.6%) patients experienced complete remission and 6 cases succumbed to metastatic evolution within a median of 2.2 years (IQR, 0.6-4.6), with 1 case also experiencing perineal recurrence. Median survival time, estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, was 5.1 years (IQR, 1.0-6.8). We suggest that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy may represent a reliable and promising strategy in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.

Vulvar reconstruction by a "supra-fascial" lotus petal flap after surgery for malignancies.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to report on our experience with the supra-fascial lotus petal flap following the resection of vulvar cancer. METHODS: The original lotus petal flap or gluteal-fold flap technique was initially described with fascial elevation. However, flap harvesting in a supra-fascial plane is feasible. Between 2008 and 2011, we performed and evaluated this modified flap technique for labia majora reconstruction on five elderly females (mean age: 72 years). RESULTS: Resection and reconstruction were performed in the same operative time with a median time procedure of 118 min. We observed neither flap failure nor partial necrosis. Functional evaluation beyond six months showed low donor site morbidity and good aesthetic results. CONCLUSION: Immediate vulvar reconstruction with supra-fascial lotus petal flap is a fast, easy and reliable procedure. It enables wide resection and safety margin following tumor removal with free tension suture, good aesthetic results and a favourable functional outcome.

Breast specimen lumpectomy orientation: which technique is the best?

The authors report a cheap, simple, reliable and reproducible technique of breast specimen lumpectomy orientation.