Gatifloxacin 400 mg as a single shot or 200 mg once daily for 3 days is as effective as ciprofloxacin 250 mg twice daily for the treatment of patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

The efficacy and safety of two oral dosing regimens of gatifloxacin compared with ciprofloxacin for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection was investigated in a double-blind, randomised study, in adult female patients who received either gatifloxacin (400 mg as a single shot or 3 days of 200 mg once daily) or ciprofloxacin (250 mg given twice daily for 3 days). Bacteriological and clinical responses were assessed 7-9 days after the end of treatment (EOT), and 4-6 weeks post-treatment (end of study, EOS). One thousand one hundred and two women were treated, 741 (248 in the gatifloxacin 400 mg group, 252 in the gatifloxacin 200 mg group, and 241 in the ciprofloxacin group) presented with bacteriological proof of infection and entered the efficacy analysis. The bacteriological response per patient at EOT in the three groups were 80% (177/220) [95% CI to ciprofloxacin -8.4%; 6.4%], 83% (184/222) [95% CI to ciprofloxacin -5.9%; 8.7%] and 81% (176/216), respectively. At the follow-up assessment they were slightly lower, 75% (167/224), 79% (169/213) and 79% (171/217), respectively. The clinical responses at EOT were 81% (197/243) [95% CI to ciprofloxacin -10.2%; 3.4%], 85% (213/250) [95% CI to ciprofloxacin -5.7%; 7.2%] and 85% (201/238), respectively. At EOS they were 82% (195/239), 88% (212/241) and 86% (200/233), respectively. The eradication rates for all initial pathogens at the EOT were 90.3% in the gatifloxacin 400 mg S.D. group, 90.6% in the gatifloxacin 200 mg group, and 88.3% in the ciprofloxacin group. All treatment groups showed a similar safety profile. The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was comparable, the majority of adverse events were of mild or moderate intensity and the medications were well tolerated. Both the administration of gatifloxacin 200 mg once daily for 3 days, and gatifloxacin 400 mg as a single shot were shown to be equivalent to ciprofloxacin 250 mg twice daily for 3 days for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections.

Gatifloxacin 200 mg or 400 mg once daily is as effective as ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily for the treatment of patients with acute pyelonephritis or complicated urinary tract infections.

The efficacy and safety of two oral dosing regimens of gatifloxacin were compared to ciprofloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection in a randomised, double-blind multi-centre trial. One thousand one hundred and twenty-three adult patients with complicated urinary tract infection (70%) or pyelonephritis (30%) were initially enrolled, 1122 were treated. Of these, 824 were included in a modified ITT population: gatifloxacin 200 mg (274 patients) or 400 mg (280 patients) once daily or ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily for 5-14 days (269 patients). Bacteriological and clinical responses were assessed 7-9 days after the end of treatment (EOT) and 4-6 weeks post-treatment (end of study visit, EOS). The bacteriological response rates per patient at EOT in the gatifloxacin 400 mg, gatifloxacin 200 mg and ciprofloxacin groups were 77% (207/269), 78% (208/268) and 73% (190/259), respectively. At EOS they were slightly lower: 70% (184/262), 71% (176/248) and 69% (174/252), respectively. The clinical responses at EOT were 69% (190/277), 70% (190/273) and 65% (174/266). At EOS they were 71% (193/273), 70% (182/259) and 74% (190/258). The overall eradication rates of initial pathogens at EOT and EOS were 85.3% and 88.4% in the gatifloxacin 400 mg group; 84.1 and 90.1% in the gatifloxacin 200 mg group and 85.1 and 91.4% in the ciprofloxacin group. Both oral regimens of gatifloxacin were as effective as that of ciprofloxacin. All treatment groups showed a similar safety profile, nausea being the most frequently reported adverse event.

The phases of the stride and their interaction in human gait.

The temporal relations between the phases of the stride have been investigated in 23 subjects of both sexes and with an age from 20 to 70 years. They were requested to walk freely in five different speeds from very slow to very fast. Equations defining the relations between the different phases of the stride have been set up as well as equations of regression for stride length and cadence versus velocity, for cadence versus stride length and for the phases of the stride versus stride duration. The equations may be used to predict expected values from known velocities and stride durations in pathological cases and help to explain the interaction between different phases of the stride. In pathological cases they may therefore be used for a better understanding of the dynamic relations between the primary disturbance and the compensating postural reactions.