Screening of cell-virus, cell-cell, gene-gene interactions among kingdoms of life at single cell resolution

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) issued a significant and urgent threat to global health. The exact animal origin of SARS-CoV-2 remains obscure and understanding its host range is vital for preventing interspecies transmission. Previously, we have assessed the target cell profiles of SARS-CoV-2 in pets, livestock, poultry and wild animals. Herein, we expand this investigation to a wider range of animal species and viruses to provide a comprehensive source for large-scale screening of potential virus hosts. Single cell atlas for several mammalian species (alpaca, hamster, hedgehog, chinchilla etc.), as well as comparative atlas for lung, brain and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for various lineages of animals were constructed, from which we systemically analyzed the virus entry factors for 113 viruses over 20 species from mammalians, birds, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates. Conserved cellular connectomes and regulomes were also identified, revealing the fundamental cell-cell and gene-gene cross-talks between these species. Overall, our study could help identify the potential host range and tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and a diverse set of viruses and reveal the host-virus co-evolution footprints.

Viral receptor profiles of masked palm civet revealed by single-cell transcriptomics

Civets are small mammals belonging to the family Viverridae. The masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) served as an intermediate host in the bat-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 20031. Because of their unique role in the SARS outbreak, civets were suspected as a potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2, the etiological pathogen of the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides their susceptibility to coronaviruses, civets can also be infected by other viruses, such as canine distemper viruses2, parvoviruses3, influenza viruses4, etc. Regarding the ecological and economical role of civets, it is vital to evaluate the potential threats from different pathogens to these animals. Receptor binding is a necessary step for virus entry into host cells. Understanding the distribution of receptors of various viruses provides hints to their potential tissue tropisms. Herein, we characterized the cell atlas of five important organs (the frontal lobe, lung, liver, spleen and kidney) of masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) and described the expression profiles of receptor associated genes of 132 viruses from 25 families, including 16 viruses from 10 families reported before that can attack civets and 116 viruses with little infection record.

Single-cell screening of SARS-CoV-2 target cells in pets, livestock, poultry and wildlife

A few animals have been suspected to be intermediate hosts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, a large-scale single-cell screening of SARS-CoV-2 target cells on a wide variety of animals is missing. Here, we constructed the single-cell atlas for 11 representative species in pets, livestock, poultry, and wildlife. Notably, the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 target cells in cat was found considerably higher than other species we investigated and SARS-CoV-2 target cells were detected in multiple cell types of domestic pig, implying the necessity to carefully evaluate the risk of cats during the current COVID-19 pandemic and keep pigs under surveillance for the possibility of becoming intermediate hosts in future coronavirus outbreak. Furthermore, we screened the expression patterns of receptors for 144 viruses, resulting in a comprehensive atlas of virus target cells. Taken together, our work provides a novel and fundamental strategy to screen virus target cells and susceptible species, based on single-cell transcriptomes we generated for domesticated animals and wildlife, which could function as a valuable resource for controlling current pandemics and serve as an early warning system for coping with future infectious disease threats.

Effect of early comprehensive nursing care in reducing the untoward effect of radiotherapy on patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of early comprehensive nursing care given for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy.Methods A total of 100 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy were selected in our hospital and were divided into the control group and the experimental group with 50 cases in each group by random digit table.The routine nursing care was given to patients in the control group,while patients in the experimental group received routine nursing measures combined with early comprehensive nursing intervention.The incidence of untoward effect,satisfaction degree and severity of oral mucosa congestion were compared between two groups.Results The total satisfaction degree of the experimental group [98.00％ (49/50)] was significantly higher than that of the control group [66.00％ (33/50)],x2=7.152 6,P＜0.05.The incidence rate of untoward effect in the experimental group [6.00％ (3/50)] was significantly lower than that of the control group [32.00％ (16/50)],x2=6.553 7,P＜0.05.The incidence rate of the most serious oral mucosa congestion in the experimental group (0) was significantly lower than that of the control group [34.00％ (17/50)],x2=7.042 8,P＜0.05,the difference was all significant.Conclusions The clinical effect of early comprehensive nursing given to patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy is significant,safe and reliable,and is worthy of popularization and application.

The effect of nursing intervention on metabolic syndrome caused by Olanzapine / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study the influence of nursing intervention on metabolic syndrome of schizophrenia patients treated with Olanzapine.Methods 100 acute-episode schizophrenia patients treated with Olanzapine alone were randomized into the intervention group and the control group,each group with 50 cases.The control group received the routine psychiatric nursing,and the intervention group added nursing intervention to prevent metabolic syndrome.The changes of BMI,fasting blood-glucose,triglyceride,cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein of both groups were compared on the day upon admission and on the 4th,8th,12th and 48th weeks after hospitalization respectively.Results On the 4th week BMI and fasting blood-glucose,triglyceride,cholesterol of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group,but high-density lipoprotein was higher than the control group.Conclusions Strengthening nursing intervention measures can effectively control metabolic syndrome caused by Olanzapine treatment,which can improve the medication compliance of patients and prevent schizophrenia recurrence.

Investigation on the related factors of clinical incidence and the ultrasound diagnostic value of endometrial polyps / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the related factors of clinical incidence and the ultrasound diagnostic value of endometrial polyps (EMP).Methods A total of 278 patients with clinical abnormal vaginal bleeding,menorrhagia,infertility,cervical polyps or physical examination showing EMP received vaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy.The related clinical factors were recorded and single factors and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis were carried.Results The univariate analysis showed that the number of pregnancy,menopause,placing intrauterine device,oral comtraceptives,history of hormone therapy,chronic endometritis,cervical polyp,merger endometriosis and obesity were the statistically significant factors of EMP incidence (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01),which were used as dependent variables for multivariate Logistic regression analysis,indicating that menopause,chronic endometritis,history of hormone therapy and cervical polyp significantly affecting EMP incidence (P ＜ 0.05),with OR values of 4.068,4.122,3.770 and 3.983 respectively.Conclusion Menopause,chronic endometritis,history of hormone therapy,cervical polyps are the related risk factors of EMP.

Clinical value of intrafascial hysterectomy with intact ascending uterine artery / 中国医师进修杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of intrafascial hysterectomy with intact ascending uterine artery.MethodsA total of 78 cases of simple hysterectomy patients were divided into group A (underwent intrafascial hysterectomy with intact ascending uterine artery) and group B(underwent modified intrafascial hysterectomy) with 39 cases each by random digits table.The operation time,the amount of hemorrhage,the postoperative complications,the ovarian function and the quality of sexuality were studied and compared.ResultsThree cases were lost in group B.There were no statistical differences in operation time,the amount of hemorrhage,postoperative hemorrhage,postoperative pyrexia,the quality of sexuality between two groups(P ＞0.05).There were significant differences in follicule-stimulating hormone and estradiol level in group B compared with those before operation (P＜ 0.05).There was significant difference in climacteric symptom between two groups [ 5.13％ (2/39) vs.22.22％ (8/36) ](P ＜ 0.01 ).The ascending uterine arteries and the ovarian branch of both sides were showed 100％ in group A.ConclusionsIntrafascial hysterectomy with intact ascending uterine artery has less influences on the blood flow of the ascending uterine arteries and the ovarian branch,there is slight influence on ovarian function and has no obvious influence on the quality of sexuality.The forward clinical effects should be studied further.

Bone Grafting for Treatment of Chronic Tibial Osteomyelitis after Focus Debridement and Iodophor Sterilization / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To introduce the characteristic and advantage of a kind of therapeutic method for chronic tibial osteomyelitis by cleaning the focus,iodophor sterilizing and then bone grafting at some selective time.METHODS Ribbon-gauze immersed with iodophor was used for tamponade and constant hydropathic compress after a surgery of debridement,then intramedullary bone grafting was performed.RESULTS This treating manner was applied in 18 patients with chronic tibial osteomyelitis and 17 cases(94.4%) healed,1 case recrudesced.CONCLUSIONS It is reliable for this kind of therapeutic method by debriding the focus,followed by an open and constant hydropathic compress with iodophor,and then grafting bone,which may promote the healing rate of chronic tibial osteomyelitis.