Mortality and morbidity in offspring of mothers with diabetes compared with a population group: a Danish cohort study with 8-35 years of follow-up.

AIMS: To assess mortality and morbidity in the offspring of mothers with diabetes compared with a control cohort of offspring of mothers without diabetes. METHODS: The mortality rate, percentage of days admitted to hospital, diagnostic categories and incidence of diabetes mellitus among 691 offspring of mothers with diabetes were compared with a control group of 168 831 offspring not exposed to maternal diabetes. Offspring of mothers with diabetes were identified from the North Jutland Pregnancy database (521 Type 1; 34 Type 2; 136 gestational diabetes) born between 1976 and 2003. Outcome data were retrieved from the National Registry of Patients with follow-up until 31 December 2011. In a subgroup with the longest hospital stay we reviewed hospital records for clinical details until 2016. RESULTS: Mortality was 1.45% in the diabetes group compared with 1.36% in the control group. In the first 2 years, offspring exposed to diabetes spent significantly more time in hospital than the control offspring, but this difference faded to an insignificant difference of 0.04% of time spent in hospital between age 2 and 8 years. The offspring of mothers with diabetes had a sixfold increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS: The offspring of mothers with and without diabetes had almost identical mortality. The increased morbidity was restricted to the first 2 years of life, and was primarily attributable to a few individuals with very severe but probably non-diabetes-related disease burden. The large majority of offspring of mothers with diabetes experienced health conditions similar to those not exposed to diabetes.

HLA antigen and gene frequencies in Eskimos of East Greenland.

A population of 78 Ammassallik Eskimos was tested for HLA-A, B, Cw, DR and DQ specificities using serological techniques and HLA-Cw, DRB, DQB1 and DPB1 using three different genomic techniques. The application of two new genomic techniques for HLA-Cw (PCR-SSP phototyping) and HLA-DPB1 (PCR-RLFP) typing confirmed serological results and gave a higher resolution, with more heterozygotes than previously found. High gene frequencies of HLA-A24 (0.80), B51 (0. 21), B61 (0.30), B62 (0.21), Cw*0303 (0.27), Cw*0304 (0.51), DRB1*0401 (0.45), DRB1*1402 (0.24), DQ7 (0.88), DPB1*0201 (0.18), DPB1*0401 (0.40) and DPB1*0402 (0.30) were found. A limited number of alleles were found at all HLA loci. The Ammassallik Eskimos of East Greenland are genetically homogenous with little, if any, admixture with European populations. This contrasts with other Greenlandic populations formerly tested. The pattern of alleles indicates a close genetic relationship with other Eskimo populations.

[Pattern of prescriptions for psychopharmaceuticals to first-admission schizophrenic patients in the county of Arhus]. / Ordinationsmønster for psykofarmaka i Arhus Amt for førstegangsindlagte skizofrene.

Two cohorts of 61 and 70 schizophrenic patients first-admitted during the years 1976-1978 and 1986-1988, respectively, were compared in order to find changes in the quantity of psychotropics prescribed in the same area in two periods separated by a 10-year interval. The standardized Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System-codes and the Defined Daily Doses were registered from the patients' case notes in the one year following the admission. The two cohorts were compared with respect to social conditions and presence of 37 syndromes from the Present State Examination 9th edition Syndrome Check List. We found a significant (5% level, Mann-Whitney) decline in the prescribed neuroleptics and a significant change from depot to non depot neuroleptics. The decline in prescribed neuroleptics was not correlated to an increase in the prescription of other psychotropics.