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2.
J Hosp Infect ; 63(1): 27-33, 2006 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16516339

RESUMO

Serratia spp. are an important cause of hospital-acquired infections and outbreaks in high-risk settings. Twenty-one patients were infected or colonized over a nine-month period during 2001-2002 on a neonatal unit. Twenty-two isolates collected were examined for antibiotic susceptibility, beta-lactamase production and genotype. Random-amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that two clones were present. The first clone caused invasive clinical infection in four babies, and was subsequently replaced by a non-invasive clone that affected 14 babies. Phenotypically, the two strains also differed in their prodigiosin production; the first strain was non-pigmented whereas the second strain displayed pink-red pigmentation. Clinical features suggested a difference in their pathogenicity. No environmental source was found. The outbreak terminated following enhanced compliance with infection control measures and a change of antibiotic policy. Although S. marcescens continued to be isolated occasionally for another five months of follow-up, these were sporadic isolates with distinct molecular typing patterns.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Infecções por Serratia/epidemiologia , Serratia marcescens/genética , Células Clonais , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Genótipo , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Serratia marcescens/isolamento & purificação , Serratia marcescens/patogenicidade , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese
3.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 54(2): 295-8, 2004 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15201228

RESUMO

Widespread inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics in UK hospitals has led to the introduction of specialist antibiotic pharmacists. Their role is to monitor antibiotic use, advise clinicians, educate all grades of healthcare workers and help to develop policy. Antibiotic pharmacists have been shown to be effective in many situations. As these practitioners become more accomplished it will be possible to expand their role to include direct intervention in patient treatment. Simple measures, such as modification of intravenous treatment to oral and automatic stop orders, could greatly enhance patient care.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Farmacêuticos , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Reino Unido
5.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 49(5): 827-30, 2002 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12003978

RESUMO

The effectiveness of a programme to reduce the use of i.v. ciprofloxacin was assessed. i.v. ciprofloxacin was removed from ward stock and discussion occurred regarding appropriate use of the drug. Six months later, a factsheet containing recommendations was distributed to all medical staff and a requirement for justification before prescription was introduced. The programme reduced expenditure on i.v. ciprofloxacin to 34% of original levels. Savings of > 36,000 pounds sterling were made for two consecutive years. A sustained reduction in the use of i.v. ciprofloxacin was obtained by a combination of education and restriction.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/economia , Ciprofloxacina/economia , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/organização & administração , Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Ciprofloxacina/administração & dosagem , Redução de Custos , Uso de Medicamentos , Injeções Intravenosas , Comitê de Farmácia e Terapêutica , Reino Unido
6.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 49(1): 177-84, 2002 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11751785

RESUMO

The in vitro activity of BMS-284756 (previously T-3811ME), a des-fluoro(6) quinolone, was investigated and compared with those of six other antimicrobial agents. Susceptibility tests were performed on 919 Gram-positive, Gram-negative (including nine quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli) and anaerobic bacteria, three Chlamydia isolates and four Mycobacteria spp. BMS-284756 was marginally less active against the Enterobacteriaceae, but was the most active quinolone against staphylococci, enterococci and peptostreptococci. Against Streptococcus pneumoniae, BMS-284756 and gemifloxacin were more active than other quinolones. The MIC(90) of BMS-284756 was > or = 2 mg/L for the following bacteria: E. coli (MIC(90) 16 mg/L), Acinetobacter spp. (8 mg/L), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (64 mg/L) and Enterococcus faecium (4 mg/L). The MIC of BMS-284756 for Mycobacterium spp. was within one dilution of the MIC of ciprofloxacin. BMS-284756 was markedly more active than ciprofloxacin against the Chlamydia isolates tested.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Fluoroquinolonas , Indóis , Quinolonas , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/fisiologia , Humanos , Lactamas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/estatística & dados numéricos , Teste Bactericida do Soro/estatística & dados numéricos
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