Increased Accuracy to c-Fos-Positive Neuron Counting.

There is not a described method to count the core label of c-Fos-positive neurons, avoiding false-positive and false-negative results. The aim of this manuscript is to provide guidelines for a secure and accurate method to calculate a threshold to select which core of c-Fos-positive neurons marked by immunofluorescence has to be scored. A background percentage was calculated by dividing the intensity value (0 to 255) of the core of c-Fos-positive neurons by its surrounding background from the 8-bit images obtained in a previous study. Using the background percentage from 20% up to 98%, raising 2% once for each score, as threshold to choose which core has to be counted, a script was written for the R program to count the number of the c-Fos-positive neurons and the comparison between control and experimental groups. The differences of the average number of the core counted c-Fos-positive neurons between control and experimental groups, at all thresholds studied, showed a rising value related to an increase of the background percentage threshold as well as a decrease of its p value related to an increase of the threshold of background percentage. For the smallest thresholds (high intensity of label), the differences between groups are suppressed (false negative). However, for the biggest thresholds (nonspecific label), these differences are always the same (false positive). Therefore, to avoid the false-negative and the false-positive values, it was chosen as the threshold of 62% the inflection point of the linear regression, which is equally different from the biggest and smallest values of the differences between groups.

The effects of corticotomy and piezocision in orthodontic canine retraction: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of alveolar corticotomy (AC) and piezocision (PZ) in accelerating maxillary canine retraction, and their effects on multiple bone remodeling expression in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). A split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial was performed at the Department of Orthodontics of Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Eligibility criteria included orthodontic need for first maxillary premolars extractions, followed by canine retraction. Fifty-one adult patients were recruited and randomly assigned to 3 groups (allocation ratio 1:1:1). Random allocation of surgical or control interventions to each side of the maxillary arch was also conducted: G1 - AC × Control, G2 - PZ × Control, and G3 - AC × PZ. Both the definition of the group and the decision of the experimental or control sides were randomized by the software. Intraoral digital scans were performed before, 7 and 14 days after the beginning of canine retraction, and subsequently, at every 14 days until a maximum period of 6 months. GCF samples were collected before, and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The primary outcome consisted in the cumulative distal movement of the canines and was measured by digital model superimposition. The secondary outcome consisted in GCF bone remodeling samples that were quantified in a multiplex immunoassay. The measurements examinator was properly blinded. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients, 19 males and 28 females, were analyzed (mean age 20.72, SD = 6.66, range 15 to 38). Statistically significant differences in canine distal movement between AC and control in G1 were not observed (p > 0.05). In G2, PZ showed lower cumulative incisal and cervical measurements than control from the 2nd to the 24th week (p < 0.05). In G3, PZ showed a lower cumulative incisal and cervical measurements than AC from the16th to the 24th week (p < 0.05). In all groups, differences on biomarkers expression occurred at specific timepoints (p < 0.05), but a distinct pattern was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: AC and PZ were not effective to accelerate maxillary canine retraction and did not induce a distinct pattern of biomarker expression. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03089996 . Registered 24 March 2017 - Registered.

Sustainable, healthy cities: protocol of a mixed methods evaluation of a cluster randomized controlled trial for Aedes control in Brazil using a community mobilization approach.

BACKGROUND: Dengue is increasing in its global presence with an estimated 4 billion people at-risk of infection in at least 128 countries. Despite the promising results of EcoHealth and community mobilization approaches to Aedes reduction, more evidence of their efficacy on reducing dengue risk is needed. The principal research question is to determine if interventions based upon community mobilization reduce the risk of dengue virus infection among children 3 to 9 years old compared to usual dengue control practice in Fortaleza, Brazil. METHODS: The present study will follow a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) design with randomization at the census tract level with equal allocation to the two arms. In each arm, there will be 34 clusters of 86 children between 3 to 9 years old for an expected total of 5848 children enrolled in the study, assuming a risk reduction of 29.5% based upon findings from a previous multi-site cRCT. The primary outcomes are rates of anti-dengue Immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroconversion and adult female Aedes density. The intervention is based upon a participatory health research approach, Socializing Evidence for Participatory Action (SEPA), where the research evidence is used to foster community engagement and ownership of the health issue and solution. Following allocation, intervention communities will develop and implement their own solutions that will likely include a wide variety of collective events and media approaches. Data collection activities over a period of 3 years include household visits for blood collection, household surveys, and entomological surveys; and qualitative activities including focus groups, in-depth interviews, and document analysis to evaluate the process, acceptability, fidelity, and sustainability of the intervention. Study participants will be aware of their assignment and all research staff will be blinded although the intervention assignment will likely be revealed to field staff through interaction with participants. DISCUSSION: The results of our study will provide evidence on community mobilization as an intervention for dengue control. We anticipate that if community mobilization is effective in Fortaleza, the results of this study will help develop evidence-based vector control programs in Brazil, and also in other countries struggling with Aedes-transmitted diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN66131315, registration date: 1 October 2018.

Caracterização da população na estratégia de saúdeda família do município de Tramandaí/RS e descriçãode um programa fisioterapêutico / Characterization of the population in the family health strategy in the

A Fisioterapia tem por objetivo auxiliar na assistênciaà população carente por meio da atuação na Estratégia de Saúde daFamília (ESF). Esse modelo de assistência atua em ações comunitáriaseducacionais de atenção à promoção da saúde e de prevençãodos distúrbios cinéticos funcionais do corpo, com a finalidade dereestabelecer o indivíduo. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar apopulação da ESF do município de Tramandaí/RS e descrever umprograma fisioterapêutico conforme os distúrbios encontrados nessapopulação. Material e métodos: Esta pesquisa foi de caráter transversal,quantitativa, realizada no posto São Francisco I no município deTramandaí/RS, no período de agosto a outubro de 2010. Houve aparticipação de indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino com idadeentre 18-80 anos. Foi realizado inicialmente uma avaliação para acoleta de dados e logo após foi aplicado um questionário voltado àsaúde. Resultados: Foram avaliados 74 indivíduos, sendo 47 mulheresentre 41-71 anos com ensino fundamental incompleto. A profissãopredominante foi a de autônomo e a do lar. A área da saúde emevidência foi a traumatologia, e as patologias relevantes foram a artrosee a dor cervical. Dos entrevistados, 97,7% possuem filhos comalgum problema de saúde. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstrama importância da inserção e/ou maior atuação do fisioterapeuta naestratégia de saúde da família a fim de elaborar ações comunitáriasdirecionadas às necessidades da população conforme as patologiaspredominantes...

Physical therapy aims to help in assisting underprivilegedpopulations through action on the Family Health Strategy(FHS). This model of care is developed through community educationalactions with attention to health promotion and preventionof functional kinetics disorders of the body, in order to recover theindividual. The objective of this study was to characterize the FHSpopulation in the municipality of Tramandaí/RS, and to describe aphysical therapy program in accordance with the disorders found inthis population. Methods: This study was transversal, quantitative,held at the São Francisco I Health Center in the municipality ofTramandaí/RS, from August to October 2010, with the participationof males and females 18 to 80 years old. Was conducted an initialevaluation for data collection and soon after applied a questionnairebased on health care. Results: We studied 74 subjects, 47 women41-71 years old with incomplete primary education. The predominantprofessional activity was self-employment and housewife. Thehighlighted health area was trauma, and the relevant pathologieswere arthritis and neck pain. Of the respondents, 97.7% havechildren with some kind of health problem. Conclusion: The resultsdemonstrate the importance of the integration and/or further activityof the physiotherapist in the Family Health Strategy in order todevelop community actions to address the needs of the populationaccording to the prevailing health conditions...

Uraco patente com eversao de parede / Urachus patent eversion of wall

Os autores relatam dois casos de uraco patente com eversao de parede encaminhados a Clinica de Cirurgia Pediatrica no primeiro dia de vida com hipotese diagnostica de onfalocele. Revisam sumariamente a embriologia e as formas vestigiais do uraco, alertando sobre a importancia da investigacao de outras anomalias associadas. Assinalam, ainda, a necessidade do diagnostico e tratamento precoce chamando atencao para as patologias com as quais o diagnostico deferencial deve ser efetuado .

Remoçäo artroscópica de corpos livres endoarticulares do joelho: técnicas e resultados / Removal of loose bodies from the knee under arthroscopic control: techniques and results

Os autores, depois de descreverem a técnica, relatam os resultados de 85 intervençöes cirúrgicas de remoçäo artroscópica de corpos livres endoarticulares do joelho. As vantagens com a técnica a "céu fechado" consistem na individualizaçäo dos corpos livres radiotransparentes, näo visíveis ao exame radiológico pré-operatório, e na remoçäo de corpos livres situados em áreas de difícil acesso artrotômico