Caring in an Algorithmic World: Ethical Perspectives for Designers and Developers in Building AI Algorithms to Fight Fake News.

This article suggests several design principles intended to assist in the development of ethical algorithms exemplified by the task of fighting fake news. Although numerous algorithmic solutions have been proposed, fake news still remains a wicked socio-technical problem that begs not only engineering but also ethical considerations. We suggest employing insights from ethics of care while maintaining its speculative stance to ask how algorithms and design processes would be different if they generated care and fight fake news. After reviewing the major characteristics of ethics of care and the phases of care, we offer four algorithmic design principles. The first principle highlights the need to develop a strategy to deal with fake news on the part of the software designers. The second principle calls for the involvement of various stakeholders in the design processes in order to increase the chances of successfully fighting fake news. The third principle suggests allowing end-users to report on fake news. Finally, the last principle proposes keeping the end-user updated on the treatment in the suspected news items. Implementing these principles as care practices can render the developmental process more ethically oriented as well as improve the ability to fight fake news.

Persons and Their Personal Health Records: Augmented Embodiment Meets the Quasi-Doctor.

The links between a Personal Health Record (PHR) and an Electronic Health Record (EHR) have influences beyond the technical tethering. It should involve an analysis of the relations between users, healthcare professionals and technology. In order to provide fresh perspectives, the postphenomenological relations of embodiment, hermeneutic and alterity are analyzed and developed into augmented embodiment and quasi-doctor terminology.