Overexpression of EPS8L3 promotes cell proliferation by inhibiting the transactivity of FOXO1 in HCC.

The homology of epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (EPS8), EPS8L3, is elevated significantly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines compared with the normal liver tissues and cell lines. The MTT and colony formation assays demonstrated that overexpressing EPS8L3 enhances, while silencing reduces the proliferation of HCC cells. Further experiments illustrated that overexpressing EPS8L3 promotes the expression of p-AKT, Cyclin D1, but inhibits the transcriptional activity of FOXO1. Besides, colony formation assay demonstrated that AKT inhibitor suppresses the effect of EPS8L3 on proliferation in EPS8L3-overexpressing cells, whereas AKT restores the proliferation of EPS8L3-silenced cells, suggesting that EPS8L3 might promote proliferation by hyperactivating the AKT signaling pathway and subsequently inhibiting the FOXO1 transcriptional activity. Our results provide new view between EPS8L3 and progression of human HCC, suggesting that EPS8L3 may be a novel therapeutic target for HCC.

[Morphological analysis of roots and alveolar bone changes after upper anterior retraction with maximum anchorage based on cone-beam computed tomography].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the remodeling of alveolar bone and the changes of roots after anterior retraction with maximum anchorage by analyzing CBCT data from adult cases. METHODS: The sample comprised 48 incisors and 24 canines from 12 patients (18 to 40 years of age) with problems of maxillary protrusion or upper arch protrusion. CBCT scans were exposed before and after treatment, and lateral cephalometric images as well as multiple planar reconstruction images were reconstructed. Tracing superimpositions of sagittal sections and three-dimensional reconstructions were done for qualitative analysis. For all maxillary anterior teeth, changes of root length, alveolar bone height and labial-palatal thicknesses at different levels were evaluated. The average of measurements taken by the same tester in three times was processed by SPSS 17.0 statistical package. RESULTS: In 6 of the 12 cases, alveolar thickness became thinner on labial side [apical area: (-0.64±1.18) mm] while thicker on palatal side [apical area: (0.93±2.0) mm] and the root length decreased[(-0.95±0.79) mm]. In the other 6 cases, the incisors' alveolar bone became thicker on labial side [apical area: (2.12±1.46) mm] while thinner on palatal side [apical area: (-2.88±0.58) mm]and the loss of root length was obvious[(-2.12±1.43) mm]. In all the 12 cases, the canines' alveolar bone became thinner on labial side especially on the apical level[(-0.27±1.86) mm] while greatly thicker on palatal side [apical area: (6.40±6.00) mm]and the root resorption was slight [(-1.12±1.19) mm]. For all the anterior teeth, the height of alveolar bone reduced around them after retraction. CONCLUSION: When the root apical moved more palatally, more root resorption would occur and the alveolar bone would get thicker on labial side but thinner on palatal side and thinner as a whole after anterior retraction with maximum anchorage.In the vertical direction, the height of the alveolar bone generally decreased on all sides and decreased the most on the palatal side.

[Morphological analysis of roots and alveolar bone changes after upper anterior retraction with maximum anchorage based on cone-beam computed tomography].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the remodeling of alveolar bone and the changes of roots after anterior retraction with maximum anchorage by analyzing CBCT data from adult cases. METHODS: The sample comprised 48 incisors and 24 canines from 12 patients (18 to 40 years of age) with problems of maxillary protrusion or upper arch protrusion. CBCT scans were exposed before and after treatment, and lateral cephalometric images as well as multiple planar reconstruction images were reconstructed. Tracing superimpositions of sagittal sections and three-dimensional reconstructions were done for qualitative analysis. For all maxillary anterior teeth, changes of root length, alveolar bone height and labial-palatal thicknesses at different levels were evaluated. The average of measurements taken by the same tester in three times was processed by SPSS 17.0 statistical package. RESULTS: In 6 of the 12 cases, alveolar thickness became thinner on labial side [apical area: (-0.64±1.18) mm] while thicker on palatal side [apical area: (0.93±2.0) mm] and the root length decreased[(-0.95±0.79) mm]. In the other 6 cases, the incisors' alveolar bone became thicker on labial side [apical area: (2.12±1.46) mm] while thinner on palatal side [apical area: (-2.88±0.58) mm]and the loss of root length was obvious[(-2.12±1.43) mm]. In all the 12 cases, the canines' alveolar bone became thinner on labial side especially on the apical level[(-0.27±1.86) mm] while greatly thicker on palatal side [apical area: (6.40±6.00) mm]and the root resorption was slight [(-1.12±1.19) mm]. For all the anterior teeth, the height of alveolar bone reduced around them after retraction. CONCLUSION: When the root apical moved more palatally, more root resorption would occur and the alveolar bone would get thicker on labial side but thinner on palatal side and thinner as a whole after anterior retraction with maximum anchorage.In the vertical direction, the height of the alveolar bone generally decreased on all sides and decreased the most on the palatal side.

[Post-transcriptional gene silencing and virus resistance].

Post-transcriptional gene silencing(PTGS) is a defense mechanism of plants against foreign nucleic acids, such as virus infection. The mechanism results in sequence-specific degradation of nucleic acids, including endogenous mRNA, transgene mRNA and virus RNA. PTGS was first discovered in transgenic plants, and since then, similar mechanism has been found in fungi and animals. It appears that PTGS is initiated by aberrant RNA and double-stranded RNA in the cell. An enzyme similar to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been identified in various plants, which plays a key role in the PTGS process. It is hypothesized that PTGS might be the natural mechanism of plants against virus infection. To support this hypothesis, scientists from several laboratories have discovered PTGS suppressors encoded by virus genomes, and the suppressors identified so far are all viral pathogenicity determinants, such as viral movement protein.