Salvianolic Acid B Inhibits Oxidative Stress in Glomerular Mesangial Cells Alleviating Diabetic Nephropathy by Regulating SIRT3/FOXO1 Signaling.

INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress is pivotal in advancing diabetic nephropathy (DN). Salvianolic acid B (SAB), derived from Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae, exhibits renoprotective effects. However, the mechanisms underlying its action in DN are not fully elucidated. This study explores SAB's protective effect on DN, focusing on its antioxidative properties in glomerular mesangial cells. METHODS: The renoprotective effects of various SAB dosages on DN rats were assessed by evaluating kidney tissue pathological alterations through hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Masson, TUNEL staining, and kidney function through biochemical detection. Cell counting kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assays were utilized to evaluate the viability of high glucose (HG)-induced HBZY-1 cells treated with various SAB dosages. Oxidative stress and inflammation levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)/Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) pathway was examined through Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: SAB mitigated kidney histopathological alterations and function and cell apoptosis in DN rats at various dosages. It enhanced the activity of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase while decreasing reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels both in vivo and in vitro. SAB also suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α) and the expression of collagen IV and fibronectin in HG-induced HBZY-1 cells. Furthermore, SAB activated the SIRT3/FOXO1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that SAB may alleviate oxidative stress in DN both in vivo and in vitro, potentially through the activation of the SIRT3/FOXO1-mediated signaling pathway. This study provides initial insights into the possible antioxidative and renoprotective effects of SAB, indicating its potential utility as a therapeutic agent for DN.

Comprehensive quality evaluation of Tangwei capsule based on HPLC-QAMS multi-index quantitative determination combined with chemometrics and EW-TOPSIS method. / é«˜æ•ˆæ¶²ç›¸ä¸€æµ‹å¤šè¯„æ³•å¤šæŒ‡æ ‡æˆåˆ†å®šé‡è”åˆåŒ–å­¦è®¡é‡å­¦ã€ç†µæƒä¼˜åŠ£è§£è·ç¦»æ³•ç”¨äºŽç³–ç»´èƒ¶å›Šç»¼åˆè´¨é‡è¯„ä»·.

OBJECTIVES: To detect the contents of Tangwei capsule main components with high performance liquid chromatography-quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker (HPLC-QAMS) method and to evaluate the quality with chemometrics and entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (EW-TOPSIS). METHODS: A symmetry C18 column and 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile as mobile phase were used for HPLC of Tangwei capsule. The contents of 3'-hydroxypuerarin, puerarin, 3'-methoxypuerarin, methylnissolin-3-O-glucoside, calycosin, formononetin, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone Ⅰ, tanshinone ⅡA and cucurbitacin B in 15 batches of Tangwei capsule were determined simultaneously. The quality differences of 15 batches of samples were analyzed by chemometrics and EW-TOPSIS. RESULTS: The HPLC-UV showed that 13 components had good linear relationships in corresponding concentration ranges (r≥0.9991). The relative standard deviations (RSD) of precision, repeatability and stability were all less than 2.00%. The average recovery rates were between 96.86% and 100.13%, and RSD were all less than 2.00%. Cluster analysis showed that 15 batches of samples were clustered into 3 groups. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that salvianolic acid B, formononetin, puerarin, 3'-methoxypuerarin and rosmarinic acid were the main potential markers affecting the quality of Tangwei capsule. EW-TOPSIS analysis showed that the quality of S12-S15 was superior. CONCLUSIONS: The analytical method established in this study can be used for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Tangwei capsule to provide laboratory support for its quality control and overall evaluation.