Research Progress of Self-Healing Polymer for Ultraviolet-Curing Three-Dimensional Printing.

Ultraviolet (UV)-curing technology as a photopolymerization technology has received widespread attention due to its advantages of high efficiency, wide adaptability, and environmental friendliness. Ultraviolet-based 3D printing technology has been widely used in the printing of thermosetting materials, but the permanent covalent cross-linked networks of thermosetting materials which are used in this method make it hard to recover the damage caused by the printing process through reprocessing, which reduces the service life of the material. Therefore, introducing dynamic bonds into UV-curable polymer materials might be a brilliant choice which can enable the material to conduct self-healing, and thus meet the needs of practical applications. The present review first introduces photosensitive resins utilizing dynamic bonds, followed by a summary of various types of dynamic bonds approaches. We also analyze the advantages/disadvantages of diverse UV-curable self-healing polymers with different polymeric structures, and outline future development trends in this field.

Molecular Engineering of Binder for Improving the Mechanical Properties and Recyclability of Energetic Composites.

Mechanical properties and reprocessing properties are of great significance to the serviceability and recyclability of energetic composites. However, the mechanical robustness of mechanical properties and dynamic adaptability related to reprocessing properties are inherent contradictions, which are difficult to optimize at the same time. This paper proposed a novel molecular strategy. Multiple hydrogen bonds derived from acyl semicarbazides could construct dense hydrogen bonding arrays, strengthening physical cross-linking networks. The zigzag structure was used to break the regular arrangement formed by the tight hydrogen bonding arrays, so as to improve the dynamic adaptability of the polymer networks. The disulfide exchange reaction further excited the polymer chains to form a new "topological entanglement", thus improving the reprocessing performance. The designed binder (D2000-ADH-SS) and nano-Al were prepared as energetic composites. Compared with the commercial binder, D2000-ADH-SS simultaneously optimized the strength and toughness of energetic composites. Due to the excellent dynamic adaptability of the binder, the tensile strength and toughness of the energetic composites still maintained the initial values, 96.69% and 92.89%, respectively, even after three hot-pressing cycles. The proposed design strategy provides ideas for the design and preparation of recyclable composites and is expected to promote the future application in energetic composites.

Improvement of mechanical properties of in situ-prepared HTPE binder in propellants.

A new type of hydroxyl-terminal block copolymer (HTPE) binder with excellent mechanical properties was prepared using an in situ preparation method. Compared with traditional HTPE binder preparation, this method involves relatively simple operations, which not only reduces costs, but also does not require a complicated synthesis process to prepare the HTPE prepolymer intermediate. Thus, it is expected to replace the binder for HTPE propellants. The mechanical properties, crosslinking density, hydrogen bonding, and thermal performances of the prepared HTPE binders were investigated through tensile testing, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The ultimate tensile strength (σ m) of the in situ-prepared HTPE binder was 1.83 MPa, the fracture elongation (ε b) was 371.61%, and the strength increased by 80% compared to the HTPE binders. The crosslink density (V e) decreased with an increasing content of PEG and/or TDI. The proportion of H-bonds formed by the imino groups increased with the content of PEG and TDI and reached 81.49% at PEG and TDI contents of 50% and 80%, respectively, indicating a positive correlation between the H-bonds and σ m. Based on the statistical theory of elasticity, the integrity of the curing networks showed that the contents of PEG and TDI affected the integrity of the curing networks. The DSC data of the in situ-prepared HTPE binder showed a lower glass transition temperature. Finally, compared to HTPE propellant, the strength and elongation of the in situ-prepared HTPE propellant increased by 206% and 135%, respectively. This exciting result greatly enhances the feasibility of the in situ HTPE preparation method.