RESUMO
This study investigates the use of a mineral processing by-product, neutralized used acid (NUA), primarily composed of gypsum and Fe-oxyhydroxide, as a soil amendment. A 1489-d turf farm field trial assessed nutrient, trace element, and radionuclide mobility of a soil amended with â¼5% by mass to a depth of 15 cm of NUA. Average PO-P fluxes collected as subsoil leachates were 0.7 and 26.6 kg ha yr for NUA-amended and control sites, respectively, equating to a 97% reduction in PO-P loss after 434 kg P ha was applied. Total nitrogen fluxes in NUA-amended soil leachates were similarly reduced by 82%. Incorporation of NUA conferred major changes in leachate geochemistry with a diverse suite of trace elements depleted within NUA-amended leachates. Gypsum dissolution from NUA resulted in an increase from under- to oversaturation of the soil leachates for a range of Fe- and Ca-minerals including calcite and ferrihydrite, many of which have a well-documented ability to assimilate PO-P and trace elements. Isotopic analysis indicated little Pb addition from NUA. Both Sr and Nd isotope results revealed that NUA and added fertilizer became an important source of Ca to leachate and turf biomass. The NUA-amended soils retained a range of U-Th series radionuclides, with little evidence of transfer to soil leachate or turf biomass. Calculated radioactivity dose rates indicate only a small increment due to NUA amendment. With increased nutrient, trace element, and solute retention, and increased productivity, a range of potential agronomic benefits may be conferred by NUA amendment of soils, in addition to the potential to limit offsite nutrient loss and eutrophication.
Assuntos
Elementos Químicos , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Mineração , Eliminação de Resíduos/métodos , Solo/química , Fenômenos Geológicos , Modelos Teóricos , Folhas de Planta/química , Poaceae/química , Radioisótopos/química , Poluentes do Solo/química , Fatores de Tempo , Oligoelementos/químicaRESUMO
Fuzzy set methods have been used to model and manage uncertainty in various aspects of image processing, pattern recognition, and computer vision. High-level computer vision applications hold a great potential for fuzzy set theory because of its links to natural language. Linguistic scene description, a language-based interpretation of regions and their relationships, is one such application that is starting to bear the fruits of fuzzy set theoretic involvement. In this paper, we are expanding on two earlier endeavors. We introduce new families of fuzzy directional relations that rely on the computation of histograms of forces. These families preserve important relative position properties. They provide inputs to a fuzzy rule base that produces logical linguistic descriptions along with assessments as to the validity of the descriptions. Each linguistic output uses hedges from a dictionary of about 30 adverbs and other terms that can be tailored to individual users. Excellent results from several synthetic and real image examples show the applicability of this approach.
RESUMO
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 50 dogs with intracranial neoplasia. The following tumor features were assessed: axial origin, location, shape, growth pattern, MRI signal intensity, evidence for edema, and paramagnetic contrast enhancement. Histologic diagnosis included 5 intracranially invading nasal tumors, 7 pituitary tumors, 22 meningiomas, 6 choroid plexus tumors, 7 astrocytomas, 1 ependymoma, and 2 oligodendrogliomas. Axial origin, site, shape, and growth pattern were important diagnostic characteristics for tumor type. Signal intensity and contrast enhancement pattern allowed further differentiation. Characteristic MRI features that facilitate diagnosis and prognosis were identified. Accurate diagnosis of tumor type based on these features was not always possible because of similarities in MRI appearance for some tumors. Tissue biopsy remains necessary for definitive diagnosis of intracranial tumors.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/veterinária , Animais , Astrocitoma/diagnóstico , Astrocitoma/patologia , Astrocitoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias do Plexo Corióideo/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Plexo Corióideo/patologia , Neoplasias do Plexo Corióideo/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Ependimoma/diagnóstico , Ependimoma/patologia , Ependimoma/veterinária , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Meningioma/diagnóstico , Meningioma/patologia , Meningioma/veterinária , Neoplasias Nasais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Nasais/patologia , Neoplasias Nasais/veterinária , Oligodendroglioma/diagnóstico , Oligodendroglioma/patologia , Oligodendroglioma/veterinária , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/veterinária , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Large employers are not the enemy of health reform some make them out to be. But they are worried about how to comply with the proliferation of newly enacted state reform laws and what impact a federal health reform law is likely to have.
Assuntos
Planos de Assistência de Saúde para Empregados/legislação & jurisprudência , Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Planos Governamentais de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Coleta de Dados , Planos de Assistência de Saúde para Empregados/estatística & dados numéricos , Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Indústrias/legislação & jurisprudência , Indústrias/estatística & dados numéricos , Planos Governamentais de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has increased sensitivity in detection of nonenhancing brain tumors and may show the extent of CNS neoplasia with greater detail than CT. Magnetic resonance images of the canine brain were acquired in two dogs with diffuse leptomeningeal and cerebral low grade astrocytoma. Abnormalities were identified with MR imaging when CT and CSF analysis were noncontributory. Changes seen with MR included decreased signal on T1-weighted images and increased signal on T2-weighted images consistent with vasogenic edema. Neither MR nor CT showed post-contrast enhancement. Magnetic resonance did not show the full extent of cellular infiltration, however. This was attributed to the diffuse submacroscopic distribution and absence of corresponding edema and contrast enhancement in certain regions of brain.
Assuntos
Astrocitoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Animais , Astrocitoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Cães , Masculino , Meninges/patologiaRESUMO
The authors collected observations concerning 11 newly histologically proved cases of a combination of Paget's disease and carcinoma metastatic to bone on the same bone from members of the French Rheumatology Society. The most frequent locations can be specified from their analysis and an analysis of 26 detailed cases from the literature, i.e. pelvis, femur, rachis, tibia, humerus, and the cancers most frequently involved--prostate, bronchi, kidney, breast and intestine. The most usual histological appearance is osteolytic, except in the case of prostatic carcinoma. The metastasis reveals the presence of cancer in 2 cases out of 3, whereas Paget's disease is most often already diagnosed. A histological examination is necessary because of the risk of non recognition of such metastases or of confusion with sarcomatous degeneration. It does not appear to be exceptional to find Paget's disease in combination with a metastasis on the same bone. Although six of the cases concern metastases only located at sites of Paget's disease, an analysis of all the cases does not seem to indicate that Paget bone is more exposed to metastases than normal bone, since both diseases in fact locate preferentially at the same sites on the skeleton.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/complicações , Carcinoma/complicações , Osteíte Deformante/complicações , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Carcinoma/secundário , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Boroidretos , Boro , Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/radioterapia , Nêutrons , Radioterapia de Alta Energia/métodos , Animais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Cães , Portadores de Fármacos , Isótopos , Compostos de Sulfidrila/farmacocinética , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
This communication presents our experience with eight patients who were initially evaluated as having normal cerebral computed tomographic (CT) scans. Follow-up scans ranging from 2 to 9 months later showed interval appearance of large contrast enhancing mass producing lesions. All eight of these patients turned out to have glioblastoma multiforme. This phenomenon of "false-negative" CT does not seem to be dependent on the type of equipment used or the age of the patient. Negative CT should not dissuade radiologists and clinicians from believing that a patient with appropriate symptoms and signs does indeed harbor a brain tumor.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Glioblastoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Fatores Etários , Criança , Reações Falso-Negativas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Four cases of brainstem stroke syndromes followed mechanical cervical manipulation; vascular injury was confirmed angiographically. A comprehensive review of the literature on vertebrobasilar injuries disclosed the various mechanisms of injury and pathogenesis of subsequent vascular complications following cervical manipulation. Emphasis is given to the potentially devastating neurological complications, particularly in view of the increasing utilization of chiropractic therapy.
Assuntos
Artéria Basilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Basilar/lesões , Quiroprática , Embolia e Trombose Intracraniana/etiologia , Síndrome Medular Lateral/etiologia , Pescoço , Artéria Vertebral/lesões , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome Medular Lateral/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Radiografia , Artéria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Five patients with differing types of leukemia had clinical symptoms of a localized intracerebral leukemic mass. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a mass of equal or increased density relative to normal brain; a zone of surrounding edema was variable. In each case, the mass showed evidence of relatively uniform contrast enhancement. CT appearance of leukemic masses is consistent and quite different from the findings in other central nervous system complications of leukemia and its aggressive treatment.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Leucemia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Leucemia Linfoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico por imagem , MasculinoRESUMO
Serial computed tomography (CT) demonstrated complete resolution of severe periventricular hypodensity occurring in a child after receiving prophylaxis for acute lymphocytic leukemia. The resolution of this encephalopathy suggests that early changes of subacute necrotizing leukoencephalopathy are reversible and CT is copable of detecting these early changes.