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1.
Curr Biol ; 33(24): 5427-5438.e5, 2023 12 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38070506

RESUMO

Olfactory coding, from insects to humans, is canonically considered to involve considerable across-fiber coding already at the peripheral level, thereby allowing recognition of vast numbers of odor compounds. We show that the migratory locust has evolved an alternative strategy built on highly specific odorant receptors feeding into a complex primary processing center in the brain. By collecting odors from food and different life stages of the locust, we identified 205 ecologically relevant odorants, which we used to deorphanize 48 locust olfactory receptors via ectopic expression in Drosophila. Contrary to the often broadly tuned olfactory receptors of other insects, almost all locust receptors were found to be narrowly tuned to one or very few ligands. Knocking out a single receptor using CRISPR abolished physiological and behavioral responses to the corresponding ligand. We conclude that the locust olfactory system, with most olfactory receptors being narrowly tuned, differs from the so-far described olfactory systems.


Assuntos
Gafanhotos , Neurônios Receptores Olfatórios , Receptores Odorantes , Animais , Humanos , Odorantes , Olfato/fisiologia , Neurônios Receptores Olfatórios/metabolismo , Receptores Odorantes/metabolismo , Insetos
2.
Nat Commun ; 14(1): 1186, 2023 03 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36918554

RESUMO

Insect sexual communication often relies upon sex pheromones. Most insect pheromones, however, contain carbon-carbon double bonds and potentially degrade by oxidation. Here, we show that frequently reported increased levels of Anthropocenic ozone can oxidize all described male-specific pheromones of Drosophila melanogaster, resulting in reduced amounts of pheromones such as cis-Vaccenyl Acetate and (Z)-7-Tricosene. At the same time female acceptance of ozone-exposed males is significantly delayed. Interestingly, groups of ozone-exposed males also exhibit significantly increased levels of male-male courtship behaviour. When repeating similar experiments with nine other drosophilid species, we observe pheromone degradation and/or disrupted sex recognition in eight of them. Our data suggest that Anthropocenic levels of ozone can extensively oxidize double bonds in a variety of insect pheromones, thereby leading to deviations in sexual recognition.


Assuntos
Drosophila melanogaster , Atrativos Sexuais , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Comportamento Sexual Animal , Feromônios/metabolismo , Corte
3.
PLoS Biol ; 13(12): e1002318, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26674493

RESUMO

Detecting danger is one of the foremost tasks for a neural system. Larval parasitoids constitute clear danger to Drosophila, as up to 80% of fly larvae become parasitized in nature. We show that Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults avoid sites smelling of the main parasitoid enemies, Leptopilina wasps. This avoidance is mediated via a highly specific olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) type. While the larval OSN expresses the olfactory receptor Or49a and is tuned to the Leptopilina odor iridomyrmecin, the adult expresses both Or49a and Or85f and in addition detects the wasp odors actinidine and nepetalactol. The information is transferred via projection neurons to a specific part of the lateral horn known to be involved in mediating avoidance. Drosophila has thus developed a dedicated circuit to detect a life-threatening enemy based on the smell of its semiochemicals. Such an enemy-detecting olfactory circuit has earlier only been characterized in mice and nematodes.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Drosophila/agonistas , Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/agonistas , Bulbo Olfatório/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Odorantes/agonistas , Células Receptoras Sensoriais/efeitos dos fármacos , Vespas/metabolismo , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/parasitologia , Drosophila melanogaster/fisiologia , Feminino , Iridoides/farmacologia , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/genética , Larva/parasitologia , Larva/fisiologia , Proteínas Mutantes/agonistas , Proteínas Mutantes/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Odorantes , Bulbo Olfatório/metabolismo , Oviposição , Isoformas de Proteínas/agonistas , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Piridinas/farmacologia , Receptores Odorantes/genética , Receptores Odorantes/metabolismo , Células Receptoras Sensoriais/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Terpenos/farmacologia
4.
Planta ; 214(4): 648-52, 2002 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11925049

RESUMO

Signaling cross-talk between wound- and pathogen-response pathways influences resistance of plants to insects and disease. To elucidate potential interactions between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) defense pathways, we exploited the availability of characterized mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and monitored resistance to Egyptian cotton worm (Spodoptera littoralis Boisd.; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). This generalist herbivore is sensitive to induced plant defense pathways and is thus a useful model for a mechanistic analysis of insect resistance. As expected, treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis with JA enhanced resistance to Egyptian cotton worm. Conversely, the coil mutant, with a deficiency in the JA response pathway, was more susceptible to Egyptian cotton worm than wild-type Arabidopsis. By contrast, the nprl mutant, with defects in systemic disease resistance, exhibited enhanced resistance to Egyptian cotton worm. Pretreatment with SA significantly reduced this enhanced resistance of nprl plants but had no influence on the resistance of wild-type plants. However, exogenous SA reduced the amount of JA that Egyptian cotton worm induced in both npr1 mutant and wild-type plants. Thus, this generalist herbivore engages two different induced defense pathways that interact to mediate resistance in Arabidopsis.


Assuntos
Arabidopsis/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclopentanos/farmacologia , Ácido Salicílico/farmacologia , Spodoptera/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/parasitologia , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Genótipo , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutação , Oxilipinas , Doenças das Plantas/parasitologia , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Spodoptera/efeitos dos fármacos
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