Resilience Quotient among Dental Students at Clinical Level, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.

Background and Objective: Background and Objective: Resilience Quotient (RQ) refers to an individual's capacity to spring back in the face of adversity. The objectives of this study were to explore resilience quotient among fourth to sixth year dental students and explore factors related with resilience quotient among fourth to sixth year dental students, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013. Two hundred thirty seven fourth to sixth year dental students were well informed about the research and volunteered to participate in this study. Data were collected from questionnaires and were analyzed by descriptive statistics as percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Multiple linear regression was used to explore factors related with resilience quotient among fourth to sixth year dental students. The level of statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results: The average age among the fourth to sixth year dental students was 22.9+1.0 years old (range, 21-27 years). The majority of the resilience quotient level among subjects were within norms (72.6%), followed by the lower than normal level (19.4%) and higher than normal (8%), respectively. A factor related positively with resilience quotient scores was marital status (married family but their parents were living separately) with statistically significant at p-value <0.05. Factors related negatively with resilience quotient scores was stress and authoritarian parental style with statistically significant at p-value <0.05. Conclusion: The majority of the resilience quotient level among subjects was within norms. Factors related with resilience quotient scores among fourth to sixth year dental students were stress, authoritarian parental style, and marital status.

Oral Health Status in Pediatric Patients with Renal Disease at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.

BACKGROUND: Renal diseases involve multiple organs including the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore oral health status in pediatric patients with renal diseases at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and August 2013, at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University. Ninety-seven pediatric patients with renal diseases were allowed by their parents to participate in this study. Data were collected from medical records, questionnaires and oral examination records. The oral health status was recorded using the Decay, missing and filling teeth index, Plaque index, Calculus index, Modifies gingival index, Developmental defects of enamel index and Gingival enlargement index. An oral examination was conducted using a mouth mirror explorer and periodontal probe. RESULTS: The average age of the pediatric patients with renal diseases was 11.53±3.7 years (ranged 4-17 years). The majority of subjects were able to (a) brush their teeth twice a day (77.3%), (b) visit dentists only when they had any symptoms (79.4%) and (c) never visit dentists for previous six months (73.2%). The prevalence rate of dental caries was 78.4%. Decay, missing and filling of deciduous teeth (dmft) were 1.6±3.1 teeth/person. Decay, missing and filling of permanent teeth (DMFT) were 1.7±2.5 teeth/person. The average value of plaque index was 1.4±0.6. The average value of calculus index was 0.3±0.4. The average value of modified gingival index was 1.3±0.4. The prevalence rate of enamel defect and gingival enlargement were 27.8% and 16.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The most common oral health problem of these pediatric patients was dental caries. The majority of subjects had visited dentists only when they had symptoms and never visited dentists for the past six months.

Enamel defect and gingival enlargement in pediatric patients with kidney disease at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.

BACKGROUND: Although many complications from kidney disease therapy can be prevented or effectively treated, oral health problems are nevertheless a consequence. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of enamel defect and gingival enlargement in pediatric patients with kidney disease at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and August 2013, at SrinagarindHospital, Khon Kaen University. Ninety-seven pediatric patients with kidney disease were allowed by their parents to participate in this study. Data were collected from medical records, questionnaires and oral examination records. The enamel defect was recorded using the Developmental Defects of Enamel Index. Gingival enlargement was recorded using the GingivalEnlargement Index. An oral examination was conducted using a mouth mirror, explorer and periodontal probe. RESULTS: The average age of the pediatric patients with kidney disease was 11.53+3.7years (range, 4-17). The majority of subjects were able to (a) come for an appointment (97.9%), (b) take medication according to the medical directions (93.8%) and (c) avoid inappropriatefoodsfor those suffering kidney disease (84.5%). The prevalence of enamel defect was 27.8%. The most common enamel defects were demarcated opacities (13.4%) or diffuse opacities (9.3%). The prevalence ofgingival enlargement was 16.5%. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the prevalence ofenamel defect was 27.8% and the prevalence ofgingival enlargement was 16.5%.

Prevalence and type of associated syndromes in patients with cleft lip and cleft palate who received the treatment in Tawanchai Center until 4-5 years of age.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the genetic etiologies of cleft lip and palate (CLP) is important for improved prevention, treatment, and prognosis for patients affected by CLP. OBJECTIVE: To report the prevalence and the type of associated syndromes in Northeastern Thai patients with CLP. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study of123 cleft lip/palate children aged 4-5 years was carried out at the Tawanchai Cleft Centel; Khon Kaen University during the period from October to December 2011. Data were collected by reviewing the patient 's medical records. RESULTS: Seventeen (14%) of the 123 children had multiple malformations and five (4%) of these children had associated syndromes. Syndromes were identified in 5 (29%) of the 17 children who had associated malformations. The syndromes were Apert, Cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia, Kabuki, Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum, and Velocardiofacial syndrome. CONCLUSION: Recognition of the associated syndrome in a patient with CLP is essential to assess the problem of the patient, provide necessaty treatment and the appropriate methodology of prevention.

Health situation analysis of Thai children aged 1-5 years in 2010: implications for health education and health service reform.

BACKGROUND: To make the world fit for children is a task necessarily involves all organizations working with children. The real health situation will be useful for strategic planning for them. OBJECTIVE: To emphasize Thailand's health burdens of children between 1 and 5 years in 2010. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The authors analyzed the fiscal 2010 data from the three health insurance schemes from hospitals nationwide for information on: out-patient and in-patient visits, common illnesses of Thai children between 1 and 5 years, lengths of stay, hospital charges and deaths. Most (96%) of the population was represented in this data. RESULTS: Respiratory infection was the most common admission (225,183 times) while intestinal infection was the second (83,293 times). Respiratory infection was the second most common for an out-patient visit (7, 387,132 times = 23.6%) after other factors influencing health (17,384,963 times = 55.5%). The most common causes of death were injury and poisoning (178 patients) and respiratory infection (175 patients). Pneumonia required the most budget and resulted in the longest stays. Among accidents, accidental drowning and submersion caused the most deaths. CONCLUSION: Respiratory infection, pneumonia, intestinal infection, injuries, poisoning and accidental drowning were the most common health burdens among children between 1 and 5 years of age.

Unintentional injury among Thai children and adolescents in 2010.

BACKGROUND: Unintentional injury has been identified as a public health problem in Thailand as it is the leading cause of death among both children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To explore the number of admissions by unintentional injury and cause(s) among Thai children and adolescents in 2010. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Data on the number of admissions by unintentional injury in the fiscal year, 2010, were derived from hospitals nationwide as well as the three health insurance schemes. Data on Thai children and adolescents (0-18 years) was collected between October 1, 2009 and September 30, 2010. The coding for underlying cause(s) of unintentional injuries and death were done using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition. RESULTS: A total of 118,323 unintentional injuries were reported. The majority of patients were male and falls were the major cause of unintentional injuries (27,139 admissions; 22.94%) followed by motorcycle injuries (20,499 admissions; 17.32%). Accidental drowning and submersion was the major cause of death in the present study, followed by lightning strikes and accidental threats to breathing (i.e., choking and suffocation). CONCLUSION: The current study revealed that falls were the major cause of unintentional injury and accidental drowning and submersion the major cause of death.

Evolution of valve damage in Sydenham's chorea during recurrence of rheumatic fever.

BACKGROUND: The evolution of valve damage during a recurrence, in a patient who did not have apparent carditis in the initial attack of Sydenham's chorea, has been a subject of debate. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with an initial episode of acute rheumatic fever and Sydenham's chorea (3 patients with subclinical mitral regurgitation) were followed up prospectively for 5 years. Clinical examinations and transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography were done for each patient at initial attacks of Sydenham's chorea and at recurrences of rheumatic fever. RESULTS: Six recurrences of rheumatic fever occurred in 6 of the 36 patients. One recurrence developed in the regular secondary prophylaxis group (27 patients) with a recurrence rate of 0.007 per patient-year. Three of the 18 patients who initially had no heart murmur and no echocardiographic finding of valvular regurgitation had three recurrences of pure chorea with no echocardiographic evidence of significant valvular regurgitation. Interestingly, one of the 3 patients with previous pure chorea and echocardiographic finding of significant mitral regurgitation had a recurrence of pure chorea and new echocardiographic evidence of mitral, aortic and tricuspid regurgitations. Furthermore, two recurrences occurring in 2 of the 15 patients with previous carditis developed echocardiographic evidence of new carditis. CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatic recurrence can develop new valve damage evident by echocardiography for the patient with pure Sydenham's chorea who had previous subclinical valvulitis. Longer duration of secondary prophylaxis is recommended to prevent a recurrence of rheumatic fever in the patient with pure Sydenham's chorea who initially had subclinical valvulitis.