Alterações morfológicas nos órgãos genitais de cães e gatos provenientes de Vilas Rurais da região de Umuarama-PR / Morphological alterations in the genital organs of cats and dogs from Rural Villages in the Region of Umuarama-PR / Alteraciones morfológicas en los órganos genitales de perros y gatos provenientes de villas rurales de la región de umuarama ­ pr

Enfermidades nos órgãos reprodutivos de cães e gatos têm variados graus de morbidade, mortalidade e sofrem influências do histórico reprodutivo, de tratamentos farmacológicos prévios e de condições ambientais, podendo assim haver variações regionais na incidência de determinadas anormalidades reprodutivas. O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer um levantamento da incidência das alterações morfológicas nos órgãos genitais de cães e gatos provenientes de Vilas Rurais da região de Umuarama, associar a freqüência de cada alteração à espécie, sexo, uso de contraceptivo e número de partos e discutir as principais alterações encontradas. Foram examinados os órgãos reprodutivos de 208 animais, assim distribuídos: 36,06% eram cadelas, 33,65% cães, 14,90% gatas e 15,38% gatos, todos sem raça definida e idade variando de um mês a 10 anos. Dos animais examinados, 9,13% apresentaram alterações, classificadas como hiperplasia cística do endométrio (5,29%), endometrite (0,96%), retenção de placenta (0,48%), fibrose endometrial (0,48%), degeneração testicular (0,96%), hipoplasia testicular (0,48%) e hemangiossarcoma no pênis (0,48%). Ao se agruparem as alterações, não se observou associação entre freqüência de alterações e espécie (P>0,05), sendo 10,30% e 6,30% para alterações nas espécies canina e felina, respectivamente. No entanto observou-se associação (P<0,05) entre freqüência de alterações e sexo, sendo que 14,15% estavam presentes em fêmeas e 3,90% em machos. Animais velhos apresentaram maior freqüência de alterações nos órgãos genitais (P<0,05) do que animais jovens. A freqüência de alterações não se associou ao uso de contraceptivo, à presença de gestação e ao número de partos, embora se tenha observado maior número de alterações patológicas em fêmeas que já haviam parido.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present study is to determine the incidence of pathologic alterations in the genital organs of apparently healthy dogs and cats and to correlate the frequency of each alteration to species, sex, the number of parturitions and the previous use of contraceptives. A total of 208 genital organs from 145 (69.7%) dogs and 63 (30.3%) cats castrated as part of a project of birth control for animals were examined macroscopically and histologically, in selected cases. Seventy fi ve (51.7%) of the dogs were female and 70 (48.3%) were male; 31 (49.2%) of the cats were female and 32 (50.8%) were male. Their race was undefi ned and their ages varied from one month to ten years. The following alterations were diagnosed in the dogs: nine (4.3%) had cystic endometrial hyperplasia, two (0.96%) had endometritis, one (0.48%) had retained placentas, one (0.48%) had testicular degeneration and one (0.48%) dog had a hemangiosarcoma in its penis. The following pathological alterations were diagnosed in the cats: two (0.96%) had cystic endometrial hyperplasia, one (0.48%) had endometrial fi brosis, one (0.48%) had testicular degeneration and one (0.48%) cat had testicular hipoplasia. There were no differences between species for the incidence of alterations. However, females were signifi cantly more affected than males (p<0.05), where 14.15% of the sick animals were female and 3.90% were male. Older animals showed greater incidences of pathological alteration in genital organs (p<0.05). There was no association among the incidence of alterations to the previous use of contraceptive, current pregnancy or number of previous gestations.

RESUMEN: Enfermedades de los órganos reproductivos de perros y gatos tienen variados grados de morbidad, mortalidad y sufren infl uencias de la historia reproductiva, de los tratamientos farmacológicos previos y de las condiciones ambientales, pudiendo así haber variaciones regionales en la incidencia de determinadas anormalidades reproductivas. El objetivo de este estudio fue hacer una encuesta de la incidencia de alteraciones morfológicas de los órganos genitales de perros y gatos provenientes de Villas Rurales de la región de Umuarama, asociar la frecuencia de cada alteración a la especie, sexo, uso de anticonceptivos y el número de partos, discutiendo las alteraciones encontradas. Fueron examinados los órganos reproductivos de 208 animales así distribuidos: 36,06% eran perras, 33,65% perros, 14,90% gatas y 15,38% gatos, todos sin raza defi nida y edad variando de un mes hasta diez años. De los animales examinados, 9,13% presentaron alteraciones, clasifi cadas como hiperplasia cística del endometrio (5,29%), endometritis (0,96%), retención de la placenta (0,48%), fi brosis endometrial (0,48%), degeneración testicular (0,96%), hipoplasia testicular (0,48%) y hemangiosarcoma del falo (0,48%). Al agruparse las alteraciones, no se observó asociación entre frecuencia de alteraciones y especie (P>0,05), siendo 10,30% y 6,30% para alteraciones en las especies canina y felina, respectivamente. Sin embargo, se observó asociación (P<0,05) entre frecuencia de alteraciones y sexo, sendo que 14,15% estaban presentes en hembras y 3,90% en machos. Animales viejos presentaron mayor frecuencia de alteraciones en los órganos genitales (P<0,05) que los animales jóvenes. La frecuencia de alteraciones no se asoció al uso de anticonceptivo, a la presencia de preñez y al número de partos, mismo que se tenga observado mayor número de alteraciones patológicas en hembras que ya habían parido.

Restraint of the paca (Agouti paca) with ketamine hydrochloride, acetylpromazine maleate, and atropine sulfate.

The paca (Agouti pace) is a neotropical rodent that requires chemical restraint for handling due to its aggressive nature and susceptibility to stress. Eighteen adult pacas (seven males and 11 females) weighing 6.25+/-2.22 (mean +/- SD) kg were given ketamine hydrochloride (25.0 mg/kg), acetylpromazine maleate (0.125 mg/kg), and atropine sulfate (0.05 mg/kg) combined by i.m. injection during field procedures that included sexing, marking, translocations, physical examinations, and minor surgeries. In all individuals, the induction of anesthesia was rapid and uneventful. Righting reflexes were abolished after 5.95+/-3.56 min, and all animals ceased to react to manipulation after 9.55+/-3.48 min. Response to interdigital and pinnal painful stimuli disappeared after 10.67+/-3.46 min and 11.11+/-3.83 min. respectively. Analgesia and depth of anesthesia were excellent in 61.0% of the animals and good in 39.0%. Muscle relaxation was excellent in 77.8% and good in 22.2%. Duration of anesthesia was 57.33+/-31.10 min. Recovery occurred without psychomotor disturbances, and every animal remained calm until normal ambulation resumed 115.00+/-37.00 min postinjection. The anesthetic protocol was safe for both the animal and the human personnel and is recommended for routine management and medical procedures, including minor surgeries, in A. paca.

Endometrial Cysts in mares: postmortem morphometric study

Observaram-se 142 úteros de éguas, colhidos em abatedouro, quanto aos aspectos morfométricos dos cistos endometriais. A incidência dos cistos endometriais de úteros gestantes e näo gestantes foi de 41,6 por cento. O diâmetro médio dos cistos endometriais foi de 11 mm com variaçäo de 2 a 45 mm. Os cistos endometriais com maior diâmetro ocorreram em úteros gestantes. Os cistos endometriais foram classificados como linfáticos (vesiculares e intramurais) e glandulares

Intoxicaçäo natural por plantas tóxicas produzindo distúrbios nervosos em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) no Estado do Paraná / Natural intoxication by poisonous plants, which produce nervous disturbs in buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) in the state of Paraná

Descrevem-se casos de intoxicaçäo natural por plantas tóxicas em búfalos com alteraçöes no sistema nervoso central, especialmente no cerebelo. Devido ao tipo de criaçäo dos animais, foi impossível determinar a planta, ou as plantas responsáveis pelo quadro clínico.

Toxicosis in sows and their pigs caused by feeding rations containing polybrominated biphenyls to sows during pregnancy and lactation.

The toxicity and the distribution of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) were investigated by feeding rations containing different concentrations of PBB to sows during pregnancy and lactation. Sows and newborn pigs were clinically unaffected. Mortality was increased among pigs nursing sows fed rations containing PBB. Although transplacental passage of PBB resulted in an appreciable amount of PBB in tissues of newborn pigs, far more PBB were transferred to the pigs through the milk. On a body-weight basis, nursing pigs consumed PBB in concentrations similar to the concentrations given to the sows. The highest tissue concentrations of PBB (fat basis) were found in the liver, followed by the adipose tissue, kidney, and brain. Dietary concentrations of 10 mg of PBB/kg of feed increased serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and thyroid hormones of pigs, whereas dietary concentrations of 100 or 200 mg of PBB/kg of feed caused those values to decrease. Gross pathologic changes consisted of increased weight of the thyroid gland of newborn pigs and increased weight of the liver of 4-week-old pigs. Histologically, thyroid glands of newborn pigs were slightly hyperplastic, and the colloid was scant and vacuolated. In the liver, lesions consisted of fatty change and centrolobular necrosis; changes were more severe in the sows than in the pigs nursing those sows. Measuring serum concentrations of ornithine carbamoyltransferase was the most effective clinical test in assessing the degree of liver damage in the pigs.