Early Diagnosis of Late-Onset Below-Level Neuropathic Pain in an 83 Year-Old Incomplete Tetraplegic Patient: A Charcot Spinal Neuro-Arthropathy Case Report.

BACKGROUND Charcot spine (CS), also called neuropathic arthropathy, appears to be triggered by damage to the nervous system (either central or peripheral) impairing proprioception and pain/temperature sensation in the vertebral column. Therefore, the defense mechanisms of altered joints lead to a progressive degeneration of the vertebral joint and surrounding ligaments, which can provoke major spinal instability. Beyond the sensory aspects, mechanic factors are identified as risk factors. While its etiology and pathophysiology remain contested, CS represents a rare and difficult pathology to diagnose at an early stage, owing to its nonspecific clinical symptoms. The diagnosis of CS is probably still underestimated and often occurs only quite late in the disease course. CASE REPORT An 83-year-old male patient who had a history of a post-traumatic tetraplegia was diagnosed with CS after 3 years, after describing a recent progressive worsening of neuropathic pain. The diagnosis was earlier than the majority of cases described in the literature. Indeed, in a recent review, the mean time lag between the onset of neurological impairment and the diagnosis of CS was 17.3±10.8 years. CONCLUSIONS This case report demonstrates the benefits of early diagnosis of CS when confronted by the clinical and radiological criteria. Therefore, it seems important to be able to evoke this neuropathic spinal arthropathy sufficiently in time to prevent its disabling consequences in patients with spinal cord injury, in terms of quality of life and independence.

Syndrome of the Trephined and Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in a 17-year-old minimally conscious state patient: A Case Report.

Purpose: Syndrome of the Trephined (SoT) is one of the most unknown complications of the Decompressive Craniectomy (DC) after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). A combination of neurological clinical criteria and radiological signs after DC is necessary to make its diagnosis. In our case, as the patient was in a minimally conscious state (MCS), it was impossible to clinically assess any neurological deterioration according to the criteria found in the literature. There is no description of clinical diagnostic criteria suitable for patients with MCS apart from the visible 'Skin Flap.'Method: A 17-year-old patient sustained a severe TBI. Two months after the TBI and a DC he exhibited an MCS with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 7 and a Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM) of 5. He presented several paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) episodes a day and developed a sinking skin flap. A cranioplasty was performed. Then, we noticed the gradual disappearance of PSH episodes plus an improvement of the CRS and the WHIM. Results: The evolution of the WHIM data revealed a statistically significant difference (p 0.0047). Conclusion: Further studies should be conducted to assess whether the WHIM and the frequency of PSH episodes may be part of the diagnostic criteria for SoT in MCS patients.

[Spasticity : From assessment to personalized treatment]. / La spasticité : de l'évaluation au traitement personnalisé.

Spasticity is a phenomenon regularly encountered in neurorehabilitation but also in regular clinical practice. Its clinical assessment must be detailed and associated with an evaluation of the functional aspect in order to set up therapeutic strategies according to personalized goals. Indeed, appropriate management consists of treating the functional discomfort, pain and preventing irreversible long-term effects. Nevertheless, spasticity can sometimes prove useful in palliating motor deficiency and allowing an activity such as walking, it then does not require treatment that could result in a deterioration of such function. The aim of this article is to define spasticity, develop the means of clinical and functional evaluation and outline the different therapeutic approaches.

La spasticité est un symptôme régulièrement rencontré en neuroréhabilitation mais également dans la pratique quotidienne. Son évaluation clinique doit être précise et axée sur les aspects fonctionnels afin de mettre en place des stratégies thérapeutiques en fonction d'objectifs personnalisés. Sa prise en charge optimale vise à supprimer toute gêne fonctionnelle, à lutter contre la douleur et prévenir ses effets irréversibles à long terme. Néanmoins, la spasticité peut parfois s'avérer utile pour pallier une déficience motrice et permettre une activité telle que la marche, elle ne nécessite alors pas de traitement qui pourrait entraîner une détérioration de cette fonction. Le but de cet article est de définir la spasticité, de présenter les moyens pour procéder à son évaluation clinique et fonctionnelle avant d'exposer les différentes approches thérapeutiques.

Going toe-to-toe with a rare case of a complex regional pain syndrome limited to the hallux.

We report the first case of a complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) limited to the hallux using the Budapest criteria. Limited forms of CRPS are scarce in the literature and probably overlooked. There is currently no consensus to define these forms. Due to the particular metameric topography, common to the hand and the foot, we suggest the term 'metameric' CRPS to describe them. A uniform nomenclature would promote future research to study its prevalence and specific treatment in more detail.