Peritonsillar Abscess and Post-aspiration Bleed Identified with Point-of-care Ultrasound Using Endocavitary Probe: A Case Report.

Introduction: Peritonsillar abscesses form between the tonsillar capsule, the superior constrictor, and palatopharyngeus muscles. Physicians traditionally make this diagnosis clinically; however, ultrasound allows clinicians to further identify and differentiate between peritonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, and phlegmon formation. By increasing both the sensitivity and specificity, ultrasound improves the diagnostic accuracy for patients with peritonsillar abscesses. This case demonstrates the utilization of ultrasound in peritonsillar abscesses and the application of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in identifying complications of procedures used for treatment in the emergency department (ED). Case Report: A 19-year-old male presented to the ED with complaints of severe sore throat and fever for the prior five days. A POCUS using an endocavitary probe with sterile cover demonstrated hypoechoic debris with a "swirl sign." Ultrasound was used to successfully guide needle aspiration by using in-plane needle guidance. The patient had significant bleeding after needle aspiration, and repeat POCUS clearly identified a new pocket of blood that had formed and was contained in the soft tissue. We monitored the size of the hematoma in real time with ultrasound to ensure the hematoma had no rapid expansion and was stable. Conclusion: Among the differential diagnoses for sore throat, the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess is particularly concerning as it is both common and generally requires swift intervention. Presentations can range from a mild infection to a life-threatening emergency with potential airway compromise. The two primary avenues for treatment include either needle aspiration or incision and drainage. Ultrasound can successfully identify the abscess and other landmarks for safe and successful drainage, as well as early identification of complications.

Regulating Access to Active Sites via Hydrogen Bonding and Cation-Dipole Interactions: A Dual Cofactor Approach to Switchable Catalysis.

Hydrogen bonding networks are ubiquitous in biological systems and play a key role in controlling the conformational dynamics and allosteric interactions of enzymes. Yet in small organometallic catalysts, hydrogen bonding rarely controls ligand binding to the metal center. In this work, a hydrogen bonding network within a well-defined organometallic catalyst works in concert with cation-dipole interactions to gate substrate access to the active site. An ammine ligand acts as one cofactor, templating a hydrogen bonding network within a pendent crown ether and preventing the binding of strong donor ligands, such as nitriles, to the nickel center. Sodium ions are the second cofactor, disrupting hydrogen bonding to enable switchable ligand substitution reactions. Thermodynamic analyses provide insight into the energetic requirements of the different supramolecular interactions that enable substrate gating. The dual cofactor approach enables switchable catalytic hydroamination of crotononitrile. Systematic comparisons of catalysts with varying structural features provide support for the critical role of the dual cofactors in achieving on/off catalysis with substrates containing strongly donating functional groups that might otherwise interfere with switchable catalysts.

A Comparison between Triphenylmethyl and Triphenylsilyl Spirobifluorenyl Hosts: Synthesis, Photophysics and Performance in Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of two spirobifluorenyl derivatives substituted with either triphenylmethyl (SB-C) or triphenylsilyl (SB-Si) moieties for use as host materials in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLED). Both molecules have similar high triplet energies and large energy gaps. Blue Ir(tpz)3 and green Ir(ppy)3 phosphorescent devices were fabricated using these materials as hosts. Surprisingly, SB-Si demonstrated superior charge-transporting ability compared to SB-C, despite having similar energies for their valence orbitals. In particular, SB-Si proved to be a highly effective host for both blue and green devices, resulting in maximum efficiencies of 12.6% for the Ir(tpz)3 device and 9.6% for the Ir(ppy)3 device. These results highlight the benefits of appending the triphenylsilyl moiety onto host materials and underscore the importance of considering the morphology of hosts in the design of efficient PHOLEDs.

Negative emotional eating patterns among American university students: A replication study.

Emotional eating (EE) has been consistently associated with obesity, weight gain, and certain eating disorders (EDs). Given the cultural influence on food consumption and eating styles, comparison of EE patterns of individuals in culturally distinct nations (e.g., USA and China) could yield interesting differences in findings. However, given the increasing convergence in eating practices between the above-mentioned nations (e.g., higher reliance on outdoor eating at restaurants among Chinese adolescents), EE patterns might share significant similarities. The present study examined EE patterns of American college students and is a replication of the study done by He, Chen, Wu, Niu, and Fan (2020) on Chinese college students. Responses of 533 participants (60.4% women, 70.1% White, aged 18-52 (mean age = 18.75, SD = 1.35), mean self-reported body mass index = 24.22 kg/m2 and SD = 4.77) on the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (Emotional overeating and emotional undereating subscales) were examined using Latent Class Analysis to identify specific patterns of EE. Participants also completed questionnaire measures of disordered eating and associated psychosocial impairment, depression, stress, and anxiety symptoms, and a measure of psychological flexibility. A solution with four classes emerged, i.e., emotional over- and undereating (18.3%), emotional overeating (18.2%), emotional undereating (27.8%), and non-emotional eating (35.7%). Current findings replicated and extended findings from He, Chen, et al. (2020) in that the emotional over- and undereating class exhibited the highest risks for depression, anxiety, stress, and psychosocial impairment due to disordered eating symptoms as well as lower psychological flexibility. Individuals who have difficulty with awareness and acceptance of their emotions appear to engage in the most problematic form of EE and could benefit from Dialectical behavior therapy and Acceptance and commitment therapy skills training.

Value, implementation, and opportunities for cardiovascular behavioral medicine: A special issue commentary.

Behavioral and psychosocial factors related to the incidence, progression, and treatment of cardiovascular health, have seen increased attention in recent years, from scientific statements to a robust and growing body of literature. Despite this attention, and clear need to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) the world over, implementation of cardiovascular behavioral medicine, specialty care that addresses behavioral and psychosocial risk factors among those with, or at risk for, CVD, remains limited. The current commentary discusses the contributions of the diverse body of science published in the Cardiovascular Behavioral Medicine Special Issue of Health Psychology. The authors outline how the special issue articles highlight the value of behavioral medicine education, science, and clinical practice for cardiology and cardiovascular subspecialities, such as heart failure, as well as opportunities for growth and implementation. This commentary outlines the ways in which the special issue furthers understanding of the current and future possibilities for cardiovascular behavioral medicine to grow as a field and influence cardiovascular health and wellbeing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Mobile assessment of experiential avoidance, mood, stress, and attendance in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVES: This study utilized mobile ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine the dynamic relationships among experiential avoidance (EA), mood, and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation (CVPR) attendance. METHOD: Participants (n = 47; 40.4% female; 80.1% White; 85.1% Cardiac, 14.9% Pulmonary) were recruited from CVPR during their first 2 weeks of the program. They completed daily EMA prompts to assess momentary mood and EA for 2 weeks using a smartphone device. Multilevel modeling (MLM) was employed to investigate the impact of EA and mood on next-week attendance and the within-person within-prompt correlates, antecedents, and consequences of EA. RESULTS: Greater EA and negative mood significantly predicted worse next-week CVPR attendance rates. Within the same EMA prompt individuals with higher EA also reported greater negative affect and perceived stress, while individuals with lower EA reported greater positive mood. In addition, lagged analyses showed that EA was negatively related to next-day positive mood scores. CONCLUSIONS: EA appears to be an important targetable mechanism negatively related to CVPR program attendance and mood in CVPR patients. The present study builds upon previous research supporting EA as a dynamic and fluid emotion-regulation process, suggesting EA's impact on mood and behavior may be best understood through repeated real-time measurement methodology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The development and pilot testing of a behavioral activation-based treatment for depressed mood and multiple health behavior change in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with depressed mood demonstrate poor cardiovascular behavioral risk profiles and elevated risk for recurrent ACS and mortality. Behavioral Activation (BA) offers an intervention framework for an integrated treatment targeting both depression and critical health behaviors post-ACS. Behavioral Activation for Health and Depression (BA-HD) was developed and pilot tested in a multiphase iterative process. METHODS: First, an initial treatment manual was conceptualized based on the team's prior work, as well as the extant literature. Second, qualitative interviews were conducted with target patients and target providers on the proposed BA-HD treatment rationale, content, and structure. Framework matrix analyses were used to summarize and aggregate responses. Third, an expert panel was convened to elicit additional manual refinements. Finally, patients with post-ACS depression and health behavior non-adherence were recruited to complete an open pilot trial to evaluate acceptability (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire [CSQ], exit interview) and treatment engagement (number of sessions attended; treatment completion was considered completion of 8 out of 10 possible sessions). RESULTS: The initial BA-HD treatment manual expanded an existing treatment manual for post-ACS BA-based mood management and smoking cessation to target four health behaviors relevant to post-ACS patients (e.g., smoking cessation, medication adherence, physical activity, and diet). After the initial conceptualization, ten post-ACS patients and eight cardiac rehabilitation professionals completed qualitative interviews. Patients endorsed bi-directional interactions between mood and health behaviors post-ACS. Both patients and providers expressed general support of the proposed treatment rationale and values-guided, collaborative goal-setting approach. Patients, providers, and experts provided feedback that shaped the iterative manual development. After the BA-HD manual was finalized, eight participants were enrolled in a single-arm pilot trial. The mean CSQ score was 30.57 ± 2.23, indicating high satisfaction. Seven out of eight (88%) completed treatment. Pre- to post treatment improvements in depressed mood and health behaviors were promising. CONCLUSIONS: BA-HD treatment is an acceptable approach to target both mood and health behaviors in post-ACS patients with depression. A future larger, controlled trial is needed to evaluate the efficacy of the BA-HD treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04158219.

A Case Report of May-Thurner Syndrome Identified on Abdominal Ultrasound.

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is most commonly caused by the compression of the left iliac vein by the right iliac artery against the lumbar spine, which leads to the development of a partial or occlusive deep venous thrombosis (DVT).1 Diagnosis begins with a duplex ultrasound of the lower extremities to evaluate for a femoropopliteal thrombus, and in high-risk patients where a more proximal DVT is suspected and the DVT ultrasound is negative, a computed tomography venogram (CTV) or magnetic resonance venogram (MRV) is performed.1,3 In this case report, a patient presented to the emergency department (ED) with two days of left lower extremity pain and swelling. Initial lower extremity DVT ultrasound was negative, so a CTV was ordered and revealed a thrombus in the left common iliac vein with overlying compression by the right common iliac artery, suggesting the diagnosis of May-Thurner syndrome (Figure 1). Afterwards, a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) was performed at bedside to evaluate the caval and iliac arteries and the findings were consistent with the CTV (Figure 2, 3, 4). If the POCUS was performed prior to the CTV, the patient may have been spared the radiation exposure from CT, as well as the risks of intravenous (IV) contrast required for a venogram. Therefore, in high risk patients in whom a negative DVT ultrasound will prompt advanced imaging with CTV or MRV, I propose the addition of a lower abdominal ultrasound using a curvilinear probe to assess the caval and iliac arteries prior to obtaining a CTV or MRV. Topics: May-Thurner Syndrome, leg swelling, POCUS, ultrasound, deep venous thrombosis.

Pincer-supported metal/main-group bonds as platforms for cooperative transformations.

Electron-rich late metals and electropositive main-group elements (metals and metalloids) can be combined to provide an ambiphilic façade for exploring metal-ligand cooperation, yet the instability of the metal/main-group bond frequently limits the study and application of such units. Incorporating main-group donors into pincer frameworks, where they are stabilized and held in proximity to the transition-metal partner, can allow discovery of new modes of reactivity and incorporation into catalytic processes. This Perspective summarizes common modes of cooperativity that have been demonstrated for pincer frameworks featuring metal/main-group bonds, highlighting similarities among boron, aluminium, and silicon donors and identifying directions for further development.

Crystal structures of phosphine-supported (η5-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)molybdenum(II) propionyl complexes.

Three cyclo-penta-dienylmolybdenum(II) propionyl complexes featuring tri-aryl-phosphine ligands with different para substituents, namely, dicarbon-yl(η5-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)propion-yl(tri-phenyl-phosphane-κP)molybdenum(II), [Mo(C5H5)(C3H5O)(C18H15P)(CO)2], (1), dicarbon-yl(η5-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)propion-yl[tris-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)phosphane-κP]molybdenum(II), [Mo(C5H5)(C3H5O)(C18H12F3P)(CO)2], (2), and dicarbon-yl(η5-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)propion-yl[tris-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)phosphane-κP]molybdenum(II) dichloromethane solvate, [Mo(C5H5)(C3H5O)(C21H21O3P)(CO)2]·CH2Cl2, (3), have been prepared from the corresponding ethyl complexes via phosphine-induced migratory insertion. These complexes exhibit four-legged piano-stool geom-etries with mol-ecular structures quite similar to each other and to related acetyl complexes. The extended structures of the three complexes differ somewhat, with the para substituent of the tri-aryl-phosphine of (2) (fluoro) or (3) (meth-oxy) engaging in non-classical C-H⋯F or C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions. The structure of (3) exhibits modest disorder in the position of one Cl atom of the di-chloro-methane solvent, which was modeled with two sites showing approximately equivalent occupancies [0.532 (15) and 0.478 (15)].

Life-space constriction in aging adults.

BACKGROUND: Early indicators of declining function and frailty, such as life-space constriction (LSC), are important in identifying those at risk for frailty. PURPOSE: Examine factors associated with LSC and the influence on function and frailty. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using a convenience sample of community dwelling persons 55 and older living in the South. RESULTS: Most participants (N = 72) were female (69%; n = 50) and half were White (53.5%; n = 38). Individual factors including challenges (age-related physiological changes, disease burden, mental health limitations) and buoy (assistive devices, and other compensatory strategies) explained 22% variance in self-reported frailty (F = 3.099 (6, 65); p = .01). LSC explained 34% variance in function (F = 3.805 (8, 59); p = .001) when environmental supports (family ties, and social network) and challenges (area deprivation, built environment, and social disorganization) and individual factors were controlled for. Number of assistive devices was the only significant predictor of frailty.

Bimetallic, Silylene-Mediated Multielectron Reductions of Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene.

A metal/ligand cooperative approach to the reduction of small molecules by metal silylene complexes (R2 Si=M) is demonstrated, whereby silicon activates the incoming substrate and mediates net two-electron transformations by one-electron redox processes at two metal centers. An appropriately tuned cationic pincer cobalt(I) complex, featuring a central silylene donor, reacts with CO2 to afford a bimetallic siloxane, featuring two CoII centers, with liberation of CO; reaction of the silylene complex with ethylene yields a similar bimetallic product with an ethylene bridge. Experimental and computational studies suggest a plausible mechanism proceeding by [2+2] cycloaddition to the silylene complex, which is quite sensitive to the steric environment. The CoII /CoII products are reactive to oxidation and reduction. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a strategy for metal/ligand cooperative small-molecule activation that is well-suited to 3d metals.

Crystal structures of trans-acetyl-dicarbon-yl(η5-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)(1,3,5-tri-aza-7-phosphaadamantane)molybdenum(II) and trans-acetyl-di-carbon-yl(η5-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)(3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-tri-aza-5-phosphabi-cyclo-[3.3.1]nona-ne)molyb-den-um(II).

The title compounds, [Mo(C5H5)(COCH3)(C6H12N3P)(CO)2], (1), and [Mo(C5H5)(COCH3)(C9H16N3O2P)(C6H5)2))(CO)2], (2), have been prepared by phosphine-induced migratory insertion from [Mo(C5H5)(CO)3(CH3)]. The mol-ecular structures of these complexes are quite similar, exhibiting a four-legged piano-stool geometry with trans-disposed carbonyl ligands. The extended structures of complexes (1) and (2) differ substanti-ally. For complex (1), the molybdenum acetyl unit plays a dominant role in the organization of the extended structure, joining the mol-ecules into centrosymmetrical dimers through C-H⋯O inter-actions with a cyclo-penta-dienyl ligand of a neighboring mol-ecule, and these dimers are linked into layers parallel to (100) by C-H⋯O inter-actions between the molybdenum acetyl and the cyclo-penta-dienyl ligand of another neighbor. The extended structure of (2) is dominated by C-H⋯O inter-actions involving the carbonyl groups of the acetamide groups of the DAPTA ligand, which join the mol-ecules into centrosymmetrical dimers and link them into chains along [010]. Additional C-H⋯O inter-actions between the molybdenum acetyl oxygen atom and an acetamide methyl group join the chains into layers parallel to (101).

Sharing the Story of the Cardiac Rehab Patient Experience: A QUALITATIVE STUDY.

PURPOSE: To provide a prototypical patient narrative of the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) experience for providers and prospective patients using narrative analysis. METHODS: Qualitative interviews with 17 CR patients from a previous study regarding their experiences, reasons, and motivations related to engagement in CR were analyzed using narrative inquiry. Interviews were previously analyzed and coded for recurring themes, and these themes were implemented in an exploratory narrative inquiry to craft a CR patient "story." A hypothetical composite character representing the varied experiences of CR patients interviewed was developed, and a patient story was constructed that reflected on an initial cardiac event, time during rehabilitation, difficult experiences, social interactions, and personal values and accomplishments. RESULTS: The CR patient narrative is presented for use in CR recruitment and programming materials, and in provider education. CONCLUSION: The narrative analysis comprehensively provides patients with an amalgam of patient experiences and can be used by providers to gain an understanding of CR patient experiences. Further research is needed to determine whether use of the resulting narrative analysis within the referral process and/or programming could increase participation and engagement.

Does it Matter What We Drink? Beverage Type Preference Predicts Specific Alcohol-Related Negative Consequences Among College Students.

BACKGROUND: College student substance use has been a problem for many years. In particular, heavy alcohol consumption can create issues with academics, social relationships, and overall functioning. Unitary measures of generic alcohol consumption (e.g., drinking frequency) are important predictors of alcohol-related negative consequences, but the small amount of specific-beverage research available suggests that assessing beverage type consumed may enhance prediction. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to expand knowledge of alcoholic beverage preference in relation to negative consequences and confirm the factor structure of the RAPI proposed by Martens et al. ( 2007 ) in a college student sample. METHODS: In addition, the present study expanded current knowledge by assessing beverage preference type in relation to specific negative consequences on the RAPI. RESULTS: Results replicated the three-factor structure originally found by Martens et al. ( 2007 ). Moreover, results found that individuals consuming shots of liquor or alcohol mixed with caffeine reported higher overall RAPI scores and higher scores on the Abuse/Dependence and Personal Consequences factors but not the Social Consequences factor than those consuming mixed drinks, beer, or wine. Conclusions/Importance: This research might inform discussions with incoming college freshman about not only alcohol consumption and negative consequences but the dangers of drinking specific types of alcohol beverages such as shots and/or alcohol mixed with caffeine.

An Exploration of the Impact of the "Open Gym" Scheduling Model of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation on Completion, Attendance, and Health Outcomes.

PURPOSE: To explore the effects of implementation of the "Open Gym" (OG) scheduling model of cardiovascular rehabilitation administration on the rate of patient engagement and change in commonly measured clinical outcomes. Little data exist on the potential benefits of the OG model on patient completion, attendance, and clinical outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted that included the 1-y period both before and after OG model implementation. Bootstrapped regression and analysis of variance were utilized to determine (1) whether the scheduling model is associated with number of sessions attended and program completion, and (2) among those who meet their goals and thus complete the program, if the scheduling model predicts change in cardiovascular rehabilitation clinical outcomes (ie, percent weight change, 6-min walk distance, and peak metabolic equivalents during exercise) when controlling for baseline values. Follow-up analyses controlled for and explored interactions related to age, race, and sex. RESULTS: In this racially diverse sample (34% nonwhite), patients under either the OG model (n = 125) or the Traditional model (n = 82) attended an equivalent number of sessions and were just as likely to complete their treatment. However, clinical outcomes favored the Traditional model, even as more patients participated in the OG model, especially racial minority patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although the OG model is more consistent with patient-centered care, gains in functional capacity may be diminished. Furthermore, better controlled experiments are needed to examine the effects of implementing the OG model and should include measures of possible mechanisms influencing racial differences.

Improvements in Depressive Symptoms and Affect During Cardiac Rehabilitation: PREDICTORS AND POTENTIAL MECHANISMS.

PURPOSE: Depression is indicative of poor prognosis in cardiac patients. Reductions in depression have been observed following cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Whether similar improvements in positive and negative affect occur is unknown. Greater understanding of depressive symptom and affect change is needed to enhance facilitators of emotional improvement after a cardiac event. METHODS: Cardiac rehabilitation attendees (n = 637) completed measures of depressive symptoms, affect, health status, and social support at CR intake and discharge. Body mass index, metabolic equivalents, and blood pressure were also measured. Relationships between changes in psychosocial and physical health indicators and depressive symptoms, positive affect, and negative affect were examined. RESULTS: From intake to discharge, depressive symptoms (d = 0.40, P < .001) and negative affect (d = 0.26, P < .001) decreased. Positive affect increased (d = 0.34, P < .001). In multivariate regression, predictors of depressive symptom reduction were increased vitality (ß = -.26) and decreased bodily pain (ß = -.08). Predictors of positive affect increase were increased vitality (ß = .25), social support (ß = .16), and physical role functioning (ß = .09). Predictors of negative affect reduction were increased vitality (ß = -.23) and social support (ß = -.10). Changes in indicators of physical health were not related to depressive symptom or affect change. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptom and affect improvements following CR were observed and most strongly associated with improvements in vitality and social support. Future research should explore how enhancement of these mechanisms may further improve depressive symptom and affect during CR.

Psychosocial factors associated with treatment outcomes in women with obesity and major depressive disorder who received behavioral activation for depression.

Behavioral activation is an empirically supported treatment for depression, but much is unknown about factors associated with treatment response. The present study aimed to determine whether baseline levels and subsequent changes in psychosocial factors were associated with improvement in depression in women with comorbid obesity who received behavioral activation treatment for depression and a lifestyle intervention. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate the associations between psychosocial factors and change in depression scores during the first 10 weeks of treatment and associations between changes in psychosocial factors from baseline to 6-month follow-up and change in depression over the same time period. No baseline psychosocial factors were associated with depression improvement during treatment (p = 0.110-0.613). However, greater improvement in hedonic capacity (p = 0.001), environmental reward (p = 0.004), and social impairment (p = 0.012) were associated with greater reductions in depression over 6 months. Findings highlight the differential relationship specific psychosocial factors have with depression treatment outcomes.

A functional description of adult picky eating using latent profile analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Research has indicated that adult picky eating (PE) is associated with elevated psychosocial impairment and limited dietary variety and fruit and vegetable intake; however, research operationalizing PE behaviors is limited. Previous research identified a PE profile in children, marked by high food avoidance (satiety responsiveness, fussiness, and slow eating) and low food approach (food enjoyment and responsiveness) appetitive traits. The present study aimed to replicate a similar latent eating behavior profile in an adult sample. METHODS: A sample of 1339 US adults recruited through Amazon's MTurk completed an online survey that included a modified self-report version of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ-A). Latent profile analysis was employed to identify eating profiles using the CEBQ-A subscales, ANCOVAs were employed to examine profile differences on various self-report measures, and eating profiles were compared across BMI classifications. RESULTS: Analyses converged on a four-profile solution, and a picky eater profile that closely resembled the past child profile emerged. Participants in the picky eater profile (18.1%) scored higher on measures of adult PE and social eating anxiety compared to all other profiles, scored higher on eating-related impairment and depression than moderate eating profiles, and were more likely to be of normal weight. DISCUSSION: A distinct adult PE profile was observed, indicating childhood PE and appetitive behaviors may carry over into adulthood. Research identifying meaningful groups of picky eaters will help to shed light on the conditions under which picky eating is a risk factor for significant psychosocial impairment or distress, or weight-related problems.