Ethical issues in community-based cancer control: considerations in designing interventions.

Intervention studies are essential in the drive to reduce the burden of cancer in the United States. The means to accomplish primary and secondary cancer prevention is possible through health education focused on smoking, dietary changes, and the judicious application of screening technologies. The goal is to demonstrate these can work in the "real world" of the community workplace. The challenge of designing and conducting effective studies must include practical solutions to ethical as well as methodological issues.