[Initial nuclear magnetic resonance tomography results of the treatment course of avascular femur head necrosis after femoral core decompression]. / Erste kernspintomographische Ergebnisse des Therapieverlaufs bei avaskulärer Femurkopfnekrose nach Femurkerndekompression.

The vascular femoral head necrosis is a serious illness, especially when appearing in patients aged 30 to 50 years. Many etiologic factors cause a femoral head necrosis such as, for example, high-dose steroids, abuse of alcohol, defect of bone marrow and trauma of the hip. Often the X-ray photograph leads to the diagnosis in the second stage (ARCO 1992) or in the third stage, when the femoral head has begun to collapse. The stage IIc and III shows an evident enhancement in contrast media in MRI. Contrast enhancement is demonstrated by STIR, FATSAT, T1-weighted and dynamic screening sequence. The characteristics of the contrast media enhancement argue for an active concomitant process of destruction and regeneration. This stage has the best chances for a drug or a surgical therapy. The evaluation of the signal intensity by the dynamic screening sequence is considered as an objective contribution for the staging of the femoral head necrosis. This enables one to differentiate between the curable stage IIc and the stage III, showing the beginning of breakdown of the femoral head.

[3-dimensional post-myelographic CT reconstruction in diagnosis and therapy planning of spinal dysraphism]. / Dreidimensionale postmyelographische CT-Rekonstruktion in der Diagnostik und Therapieplanung spinaler Entwicklungsstörungen.

Dysrhaphia is often associated with severe osseous aberrations of the spine such as, for example scoliosis, hemivertebra, and synostosis. With the advanced possibilities of the post-processing of CT-data (segmentation, three-dimensional reconstruction), post-myelo-CT is an excellent method for the evaluation of osseous structures and the myelon in preoperative planning.

[clinical application of multiplanar and 3D reconstruction of spiral CT in diagnosis of acetabulum fractures]. / Klinischer Einsatz multiplanarer und 3D-Rekonstruktionen der Spiral-CT in der Diagnostik der Azetabulumfrakturen.

This review describes recent visualizations of computed tomography for the diagnosis of acetabular fractures. The techniques of conventional and helical-CT for the imaging of the acetabulum are compared. Furthermore, the different methods of multiplaner and three-dimensional reconstructions e.g. shaded surface display, maximum intensity projection, and volume rendering are presented. Figures of each method are demonstrated and the diagnostic potential of multiplanar and three-dimensional imaging for fractures of the pelvis is discussed.

[CT-morphologic aspects of the liver in patients with HIV infection]. / CT-morphologische Aspekte der Leber bei Patienten mit HIV-Infektion.

CT examinations of the liver in HIV-infected patients show more frequent pathological findings. The extended spectrum of differential diagnosis and atypical manifestations of disorders in immunodeficient patients needs to be considered in the interpretation of CT scans. Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions in HIV-infected patients are demonstrated in the following. Besides the relatively common findings in HIV-infection such as hepato-or hepatosplenomegalia, lymphoma, and inflammatory changes of the bowel an infection with Cryptococcus neoformans, hepatitis, and local steatosis of the liver are discussed as the rare causes for suspect computertomographic findings in the live of HIV-infected patients. The examinations were obtained consecutively in 76 HIV-infected patients during abdominal CT staging.

Differential diagnosis in variants or abnormalities of the hip on MRI.

In the differential diagnosis of unspecific hip pain MRI becomes increasingly important. In particular it is useful in the diagnosis of avascular necrosis, primary and secondary bone tumors, osteomyelitis and synovial processes. According to the higher frequence of MR examinations of the hip the number of nonpathological incidental findings is rising. 39 'pitfalls' and abnormalities were found on MRI of 152 patients with unspecific hip pain. Soft tissue penetrating cortical lesions of the femoral neck (herniation pit, n = 4), physiological changes of bone marrow, synovial proliferation (n = 6) of the hip joint capsule, epiphyseal scars of the femoral head (n = 12) and the transient osteoporosis (n = 12) are some of the morphological changes of the hip, which may cause difficulties and misinterpretations on MRI of the hip. Knowledge of their radiological characteristics on MRI is important, especially in cases of unspecific hip pain.

[A dental CT study for preoperative assessment of maxillary atrophy]. / Dental-CT-Studie zur präoperativen Beurteilung der Kieferatrophie.

According to a new technology in the planning of endo-osseous implantation, based on a new CT-software for evaluation of the bone structure of the jaws, anatomico-morphological changes after the loss of teeth are measured much more accurately than with conventional methods like the panoramic intraoral x-ray or conventional tomography. 30 mandibles and 22 maxillae of 36 patients were examined. Besides the topographic course of the mandibular canal and the location of the foramen mentale, the anatomic structures as the important aspects for planning endo-osseous implants are seen more accurately. It is now possible to recognise morphological changes with paraxial reconstructions in a very short time more clearly and precisely than with former techniques.

[Magnetic resonance tomography in a case of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]. / Kernspintomographie bei Tolosa-Hunt-Syndrom.

We report a rare case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome in 48-year-old woman with terminal renal insufficiency and acute onset of headache and disturbances of the cranial nerves. MRI was performed to exclude cerebral disease. 14 days later the patient died from the terminal renal insufficiency. Neurohistopathological examination revealed pseudotumorous tissue components confirming the diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

Inhibition of IgE-mediated histamine release from human peripheral leukocytes by selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

Several phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors with the capacity to inhibit the PDE IV isoenzyme produce dose-dependent inhibition of IgE-mediated histamine release (HR) from human peripheral leukocytes in vitro. Inhibition reached a maximum after 20 min of preincubation (IC30: 6-30 microM, IC50: 30-80 microM). Motapizone--a potent inhibitor of the isoenzyme PDE III--was much less effective, thus giving indirect evidence that PDE IV plays a predominant role in the control of cAMP cleavage in human basophils. The inhibiting effect of PDE-III/IV-selective compounds on IgE-mediated HR did not exceed the action of PDE-IV-selective inhibitors. The inhibition of anti-IgE-induced HR by zardaverine (a PDE-III/IV-inhibiting compound) was synergistically enhanced in the combined presence of forskolin or the recently synthesized histamine H2-agonist FRA 19).