Prevalence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae among patients with acute respiratory tract infection.

We investigated the nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae among adults and children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). NP swabs were collected from ARTI patients in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia, in 2017. Serotyping of S. pneumoniae and antibiotic susceptibility profile were performed by multiplex sequential PCR and the disk diffusion method, respectively. Out of 200 ARTI patients, S. pneumoniae strains were carried by 22.6% and 2.4% of children (36/159) and adults (1/41), respectively. Serotype 6A/6B was the most common serotype among cultured strains (21%) followed by 19F (18%) and 14 (8%). Most isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (87%), followed by clindamycin (74%), erythromycin (72%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (59%), and tetracycline (44%). This finding provides baseline information on the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae carriage among ARTI patients in Indonesia.

Identification of viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in children and adults in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia.

Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is the most common infectious disease in humans worldwide. The morbidity and mortality rates are high, especially in developing countries from Southeast Asia and Africa. While ARTI is commonly associated with viruses, there is limited data on the spectrum of viruses causing ARTI in developing countries, including Indonesia. This study was based on utilizing molecular techniques targeting a panel of 11 endemic and emerging respiratory viral pathogens including zoonotic viruses in a cohort of children and adults presenting at Tabanan General Hospital, Bali, with acute respiratory illness, from January to November 2017. In total, 98 out of 200 samples (49.0 %) tested positive for viruses. Our study confirmed 64.3 % viral etiology in children and 12.2 % in adults. Viruses that were detected were Herpesviridae (15.0 %) followed by enteroviruses (12.0 %), influenza A virus (11.5 %), respiratory syncytial virus (8.0 %), Adenoviridae (6.5 %), human metapneumovirus (3.5 %), Paramyxoviridae (2.0 %), bocavirus (1.0 %) and Coronaviridae (0.5 %). The study sheds light on the viral spectrum of ARTI in children and adults in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia.